What are some ways in which bacteria and viruses can be transmitted from infected organisms?

Answer 1

This all depends on the particular virus or bacteria in question, some can be airborne meaning they simply float around like air and can be inhaled, some require touch and can live on skin and hair and be transferred this way. Some require fluid transfer between host and infectee, others can require specific condition from variants such as heat or being in a particular medium such as water. Many virus and bacteria also require quite specific host bodies to be able to spread, for example many viruses that effect plants are harmless to animals and humans.