Chronologically (remember there were 12 boats, and 40 men per boat, so 480 men):
The Cicone, a village neighboring another village they raided. 72 men died, 408 left.
The encounter with the Polypemus (the Cyclopes). 6 men died, 402 left.
The Laestrygonians, a kingdom of cannibals. 368 died, and all but one ship was destroyed. 34 men left.
Elpenor, the youngest soldier, was drunk and fell off Circe's roof, breaking his neck. 1 died, 33 men left.
Journey to the Underworld, nobody dies, but many of them are scared.
The Scylla, a 6-headed beast. 6 men die, 27 left.
Charbrydis, a whirlpool. No men die.
Zeus revenge on Odysseus for killing Helios' cattle. 27 men die, and the last ship is destroyed. Odysseus is now all alone and lands on Calypso. From there he escapes, journeys to Phaecia, and the Phaecians bring him to Ithaca, where he kills all the suitors.
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On his way home from Troy, Odysseus gets lost and comes across many trials. One of his major trials was being captured by Calypso for seven years. This imprisonment seriously delayed his journey home.
Athene, the goddess of wisdom and also of cunning, assisted Odysseus throughout his trials. This is because Odysseus was not only known for his strength and intelligence, but for his wisdom and cunning. After about 500 BCE, her name was changed to Athena.
hero faces many trials
No, Poseidon (God of the sea) did not want Odysseus to return home to Ithaca because Odysseus blinded his son the cyclops Polythemus. The fates had declared that Odysseus would not return home until he had suffered many trials.
Odysseus had not yet returned home from the Trojan War because he had angered the god Poseidon. Poseidon placed many obstacles in Odysseus way so he would be unable to return to his home.