Mainly as a way of preventing poor people- especially newly freed blacks in the South after the Civil War- from voting. If you're poor and have little/no money, you're not going to want to spend that money to pay a special tax just to be able to vote.
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The 24th amendment prohibited poll taxes
The Twenty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution made poll taxes illegal. =)
Yes, poll taxes are illegal in all government elections.
24th amendment
A poll tax was an amount of money that a person was forced to pay in order to vote. After the Civil War in the South, poll tax laws were created in order to prevent freed slaves from voting, as they did not have much money. They were, of course, eventually abolished.