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The density of a gas is proportional to its molecular mass. Nitrogen (N2) contains 2 nitrogen atoms each with a mass of about 14 AMU (Atomic Mass units) for a total molecular mass of about 44.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) contains 2 atoms of oxygen, each with a mass of about 16 AMU and 1 carbon atom with a mass of about 12 AMU for a total mass of 44.

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Q: Why is carbon dioxide heavier than nitrogen?
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Carbon dioxide gas is heavier than both nitrogen and oxygen. Why does it not form the lower layer in the atmosphere?

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