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Because people (including doctors) keep using antibiotics for inappropriate purposes, including treatment of the common cold, which is a virus. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics.

Constant exposure to antibiotics in the environment has resulted in mutations of bacteria so that they are antibiotic resistant. Thus, it is necessary to continue to develop new antibiotics to deal with these new super-bacteria.

It should be said that the drug companies themselves are largely responsible for this, as they constantly lobby to allow antibiotics to be used unnecessarily, such as in treatment of poultry and other animals that are to be slaughtered for meat. This saves money, but it also releases huge amounts of drugs into the environment. (See above for results) The pharmaceutical giants thus get richer in two ways: selling the old drugs and developing and marketing new ones.

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Q: Why do researchers need to constantly develop new types of antibiotics?
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