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The 10 refers to the gauge of the wire--how thick it is. The smaller the number, the larger the wire and the more current it can carry. The 3 indicates there are three insulated 10 gauge wires wrapped in an outer jacket.

Most circuits are wired with thinner wire--14 gauge copper for 15 amperes and 12 gauge for 20 amperes. 10 gauge wire would be used for a larger load, up to 30 amps; the three conductor wire would be used to connect 240 volts. This would use two "hot" wires and a neutral. In most cases, a fourth grounding wire would be required as well.

So 10/3 wire would be used to connect something that takes a lot of power: an electric clothes dryer or large shop tool. It would usually be a dedicated circuit with a 30 amp circuit breaker.

Most 10/3 wire now has an orange outer jacket for easy identification, but it is not required to be orange.

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10/3 wire means that there are 3 current-carrying wires plus an earth wire ( 4 wires in total). It can be used for a high-power 240 v appliance.

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Q: What is 10 3 electrical wire used for?
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