Notwithstanding todays modern usage of Roman numerals inasmuch that there is undisputed historical evidence to confirm that the ancient Romans would have subtacted the equivalent of 8.5 from 89.5 using either one of the following formats:-
SXC-SIX = XXCI => (100-10.5)-(10-1.5) = (101-20)
Remember that a double minus in arithmetic becomes a plus
Alternatively by cancelling out same numerals:-
LXXXVIIIIS-VIIIS = LXXXI => 89.5-8.5 = 81
Note that XXCI is an abridged version of LXXXI thus using less numerals but of equal value.
Individual values: C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5, I=1 and S=0.5 or 1/2
Accumlative values: 2*S=I, 5*I=V, 2*V=X, 5*X=L and 2*L=C
Todays modern rules governing the Roman numeral system were compiled and intoduced during the Middle Ages but this was well over a thousand years later after the foundation of the Roman Empire.
QED by David Gambell
Yes, ancient Romans had methods of multiplication and division using Roman numerals. Multiplication involved repeated addition and division used a method called "long division." However, these methods were more cumbersome and time-consuming compared to the modern decimal system.
A similar question to this has been recently answered in the Roman Numerals category.
When we surpass the 3,999 mark in roman numerals we begin to utilize methods to denote multiplication of 1000. When you write roman numerals you use a bar on top of the numerals. Online we cannot write a bar on top so we use parentheses. In the case of 80,000 we would write the roman numeral for 80 and include it in parentheses. As 80 x 1000 = 80,000. Thus our roman numeral would be: (LXXX).
First off, CDLXVII is not Arabic. It is Roman Numerals. Secondly, the so called "English numbers" are actually the Arabic ones. They are known as Hindu-Arabic Numerals. And finally, to answer your question, it would be 467. Source: Took college level Algebra where we learned the different counting methods (such as Egyptian, Mayan, Babylonian, Greek, Roman, Hindu-Arabic (English), and Chinese (which is similar to Japanese). Passed with a 94.
cAdditional Information:-Under today's rules we would convert 19 and 29 into Roman numerals as XIX and XXIX which makes any form of interaction between other numerals quite difficult.But there is evidence to suggest that the Romans themselves would have actually worked out the equivalent of 19 and 29 as XVIIII and XXVIIII then simplified them to IXX and IXXX which uses less numerals but of equal value thus making addition quicker and simpler as follows:-IXX+IXXX = IIL (20-1)+(30-1) = (50-2)IIL+LII = C (50-2)+52 = 100Alternatively:-XVIIII+XXVIIII = XXXXVIII (19+29 = 48)XXXXVIII+LII = C (48+52 = 100)Roman numerals: M=1000, D=500, C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5 and I=1Remember that: 5*I=V, 2*V=X, 5*X=L, 2*L=C, 5*C=D and 2*D=MQuod Erat Demonstrandum
I would add 1999 and 51 together, getting 2050, and convert that to Roman numerals (MML) and hope that was one of the two possible methods.
adding, subtracting ,multiplication, divisision
Yes, ancient Romans had methods of multiplication and division using Roman numerals. Multiplication involved repeated addition and division used a method called "long division." However, these methods were more cumbersome and time-consuming compared to the modern decimal system.
A similar question to this has been recently answered in the Roman Numerals category.
Algeria, where he learned a new knowledge from the Indian's, the knowledge was called Indian numerals and Arabic calculating methods.
In Roman numerals 8.5 = VIIIS or SIX and 9.5 = VIIIIS or SXSo: VIIIS+VIIIIS = XVIII => 8.5+9.5 = 18 or octodecim in LatinAnd: SIX+SX = IIXX => (10-1.5)+(10-0.5) = (20-2) or duodevginti in LatinNote: 2*S = I, 5*I = V and 2*V = XValues: X = 10, V = 5, I = 1 and S = 1/2 or 0.5QED by David Gambell
That would depend entirely on how the solar power is harnessed, but using the common methods: none.
When we surpass the 3,999 mark in roman numerals we begin to utilize methods to denote multiplication of 1000. When you write roman numerals you use a bar on top of the numerals. Online we cannot write a bar on top so we use parentheses. In the case of 80,000 we would write the roman numeral for 80 and include it in parentheses. As 80 x 1000 = 80,000. Thus our roman numeral would be: (LXXX).
Under the medieval rules governing the Roman numeral system today we would convert 1999 into Roman numerals as MCMXCIX which makes any form of mathematical interaction with other Roman numerals almost impossible.But the Romans themselves would have actually calculated the equivalent of 1999 on an abacus counting device as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and probably simplified them to IMM which makes addition with other numerals quite simple as follows:-IMM+LI = MML (2000-1)+(51) = 2050Alternatively:-MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII+LI =MML (1999+51 = 2050)Roman numerals: M=1000, D=500, C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5 and I=1Remember that: 5*I=V, 2*V=X, 5*X=L, 2*L=C, 5*C=D and 2*D=MQED
First off, CDLXVII is not Arabic. It is Roman Numerals. Secondly, the so called "English numbers" are actually the Arabic ones. They are known as Hindu-Arabic Numerals. And finally, to answer your question, it would be 467. Source: Took college level Algebra where we learned the different counting methods (such as Egyptian, Mayan, Babylonian, Greek, Roman, Hindu-Arabic (English), and Chinese (which is similar to Japanese). Passed with a 94.
Because this points to the current object, but static methods don't have a current object (actually this is definition of the static methods).
Doing arithmetic with Roman numerals is exasperating, and imho a pointless waste of time, except to demonstrate the obvious superiority of our "normal numbers," which use base-10 radix / positional notation that includes a zero digit as a placeholder. I'd venture to say science & technology -- commerce, too -- could never have developed in recent centuries if we still used Roman numerals for calculations. However, this web site explains some methods: http://turner.faculty.swau.edu/mathematics/materialslibrary/roman/