Particle Physics

Rutherford compared bombarding atoms with particles to playing with marbles because, just as marbles can bounce off each other or collide in unpredictable ways, particles striking atoms can lead to various outcomes, such as deflections or reactions, revealing the structure of the atom. During this phase of his work, Rutherford discovered the nucleus of the atom and identified the proton as a subatomic particle, fundamentally altering our understanding of atomic structure.

When a molecule gains oxygen, it is called oxidation. When a molecule loses electrons, it is called reduction. Together, oxidation and reduction make up redox reactions.

The number of electrons in each lithium atom is 3.

An atom can have a maximum of 8 valence electrons in its outermost energy level, except for hydrogen and helium, which can only have a maximum of 2 valence electrons. The number of valence electrons determines an atom's chemical properties and reactivity. Elements in the same group on the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.

Ah, isn't it fascinating how the proton and neutron have about the same mass? They're like two peas in a pod, working together to make up the nucleus of an atom. Just imagine them dancing around, creating harmony in the world of particles.

Valence quarks are the basic building blocks of protons and neutrons, which are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of atoms. They are the fundamental particles that carry a fractional electric charge of either +2/3 (up quark) or -1/3 (down quark). Protons are composed of two up quarks and one down quark, while neutrons consist of one up quark and two down quarks. Valence quarks are held together by the strong nuclear force mediated by particles called gluons.

Oh, dude, that's a great question! So, technically speaking, tungsten would require the most energy per million atoms to boil because it has the highest boiling point of any metal. It's like the diva of the periodic table, demanding all the energy to make it budge. So, if you're ever in a boiling competition with metals, bet on tungsten to take its sweet time heating up!

Gold is NOT a proton.

It is an element found in the Periodic Table, with the symnol 'Au' (Aurum ; Latin for Gold).

However an atom of Gold contains

79 protons,

79 electrons

118 neutrons.

It has an atomic mass of 197. (79 + 118 = 197)

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Oh, dude, if you fuse a proton with an electron, you'd get a neutron. It's like they're having a little subatomic party and decide to merge into a neutral particle. So, yeah, you'd basically end up with a neutron, which is pretty chill in the subatomic world.

Well, honey, Aluminum has 13 electrons, and it's in the third period of the periodic table. So, it has 3 energy levels, and the p orbitals are in the second energy level. Since there are 3 p orbitals in the second energy level, and each p orbital can hold 2 electrons, that means there are 6 p orbitals occupied by electrons in an Aluminum atom.

Ah, strontium 90 is a special element with 52 protons and typically 38 neutrons. It's always good to remember that each element has a unique number of protons and neutrons that make it special, just like how each tree in a forest is unique and important in its own way. Just imagine those neutrons and protons coming together to create a beautiful element, like happy little trees in a painting.

Oh honey, an electron is a subatomic particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom. It's like the rebellious teenager of the atomic family, always buzzing around causing trouble. Just remember, electrons are the reason we have electricity and all that jazz.

Oh, dude, when a neutron atom gains or loses electrons, it actually becomes an ion. Like, if it gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion, and if it loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion. So, it's like the atom is going through an identity crisis, but hey, it's all good in the atomic world, man.

Well, honey, let me break it down for you. When lead forms ions, it tends to lose electrons and become positively charged. So, in that case, lead loses electrons like it's going out of style. Hope that clears things up for you, darling.

If we were to shrink down to the size of a subatomic particle and move near the nucleus of a carbon atom, we would likely observe a dense cloud of electron probability surrounding the nucleus. Since electrons do not follow a fixed path, we would not "see" them in a traditional sense, but rather detect their presence as a probability distribution. In terms of sound, at this scale, the concept of sound as we know it would not apply, as it is a macroscopic phenomenon based on the vibration of particles in a medium.

Oh, dude, cesium-134 has 55 protons and around 79 neutrons. It's like the cool kid at the periodic table party, just hanging out with its atomic number of 55 and atomic mass of around 134. So, yeah, it's got its protons and neutrons chillin' like, "What's up, we're cesium-134."

Oh, dude, ununtrium? That's like one of those fancy shmancy elements that sounds like it's straight out of a sci-fi movie. Anyway, ununtrium is element 113 on the periodic table, and it typically has around 173 neutrons. But hey, who's counting, right?

Mass 0.000549

Oh, what a lovely question! You see, electrons are much lighter than neutrons. It takes about 1836 electrons to equal the mass of just one neutron. Isn't it amazing how nature balances everything so beautifully?

Proton and neutron has a size of 10-13 cm (approx. 1,5-2 fm).

The diameter of the electron may be cca. 10-17 m but this is only a calculated value and is not very sure.

Ah, what a happy little question! Phosphorus-33 has 16 neutrons. Just imagine those neutrons snuggled up with the protons in the nucleus, creating a lovely balance in the atom. Remember, every element has its own unique number of protons and neutrons that make it special.

An atom is composed of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, while electrons orbit the nucleus in various energy levels or shells. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge. The number of protons determines the element of the atom, while the number of electrons determines its charge.

Nitrogen, with an atomic number of 7, has 5 electrons in its outer shell. It can lend or borrow a maximum of 3 electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration, like the noble gas neon. This allows nitrogen to form compounds such as ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+).