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Ancient Greece

The ancient greek civilization starts around 3200 BC with the Cycladic civilization [followed by the Minoan (2700 BC) and the Mycenean civilization (1600 BC)] and flourished from the 7th century BC to the 2nd century AD, especially in the 5th century BC with the city-states of Athens and Sparta.

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Who inspired Aesop to write his fables?

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Aesop is believed to have drawn inspiration from everyday life, nature, and human behavior to create his fables that contained moral lessons. He likely observed the world around him and crafted stories that conveyed wisdom and insight to his audience.

Why did Aesop use animals to offen?

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Aesop used animals in his fables to provide moral lessons in a simple and engaging way that could be easily understood by all ages and cultures. By using animals to represent human traits and behaviors, Aesop's fables allowed readers to reflect on their own actions and choices without feeling directly criticized.

How many fables did Aesop rite?

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Aesop is credited with writing over 600 fables, although the exact number is uncertain due to the passage of time. These fables are short stories that often involve animals and convey moral lessons.

What is the short version of the Greek creation?

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In Greek mythology, the creation story involves the primordial deities Chaos, Gaia, Tartarus, and Eros. These deities give birth to the Titans, who in turn are later overthrown by the Olympian gods led by Zeus.

Who did Aesop live with?

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Aesop is traditionally believed to have lived with a man named Xanthus in ancient Greece. Xanthus was his owner and provided him with the freedom to travel and tell fables.

What was the poet Homer known for?

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Homer was known for composing two epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, which are considered some of the greatest works of ancient Greek literature. He is considered one of the greatest poets of ancient Greece and his works have had a lasting influence on Western literature and culture.

Was Homer Greek?

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Well.. this is a difficult issue actually, due to the youth of history (in a properly recorded manner)

Homer is attributed to Greek myth and tragedy.. though not necesserily one person.. he is read as one nevertheless

4 characteristics of a greek hero?

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  1. Superhuman strength and abilities.
  2. Connection to gods and goddesses.
  3. Courage and bravery in facing challenges.
  4. Displays hubris or excessive pride that leads to their downfall.

What is Lyceum?

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The Lyceum is the name of a Latin gymnasium in Classical Athens. It was dedicated to Apollo Lyceus and is Ancient Greek.

Who was called the blind poet of Greece?

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Homer is often referred to as the blind poet of Greece. He is famous for writing the epic poems "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey."

How did the ancient Greeks use poetry and fables to teach values?

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Ancient Greeks used poetry and fables to convey moral lessons and ethical values to both educate and entertain. Fables like those of Aesop often featured animals as characters to illustrate human behavior and teach virtues such as honesty, kindness, and wisdom. Through poetry, epic tales like Homer's "Iliad" and "Odyssey" also imparted cultural values, heroism, and noble ideals to the society.

Homer's poems were based on the deeds of warriors from what civilization?

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Homer's poems were based on the deeds of warriors from ancient Greek civilization. Specifically, the Iliad focuses on the Trojan War, while the Odyssey follows the adventures of Odysseus as he tries to return home after the war.

What is the last name of the Greek poet Homer?

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In ancient Greece, just as in the bible, people did not go by last names; only first names were used; the way a person was differentiated was: by adding where the person was from, or by their fathers name, for instance: Hector from Troy, Isaac son of Abraham. However the Greek poet "Homer" did have a different name at birth; since he was brought into existence near the river Meles his mother Critheis named him Melesigenes; later in life after his many toils and becoming blind (due to natural cause), he adopted the name "Homer" which meant blind person.

What are some poems about Megara?

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Some poems about Megara include "The 12 Labors of Herakles: VI. Kerberos" by Charles Martin, which mentions Megara as Herakles' wife; "The Catalogue of Ships" in Homer's Iliad, which lists Megara as one of the cities participating in the Trojan War; and "Herakles' Farewell To His Wife" by Cicero, which recounts the tragic story of Herakles' madness leading to the death of Megara and their children.

Did Greek soldiers get paid?

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Yes, Greek soldiers, particularly those in the city-state of Athens, were paid for their military service. The soldiers received wages and could also be rewarded with spoils of war or bonuses for exceptional valor in battle.

How old was Homer the greek poet when he died?

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Homer died in Ios, of a disease he had contracted on his arrival. He was buried near the shore of the island of Ios, by his companions, and those citizens who had visited him during his illness.

Who wrote 'Works and Days' and 'The Theogony'?

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Hesiod, an ancient Greek poet, wrote both 'Works and Days' and 'The Theogony'. 'Works and Days' discusses moral conduct and practical advice for life, while 'The Theogony' explains the origins and genealogy of the Greek gods.

Did the ancient Greeks have newspapers?

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No, ancient Greeks did not have newspapers in the modern sense. They communicated news through oral tradition, public announcements, and written documents such as papyrus scrolls. The concept of newspapers emerged much later in history.

Did Greeks write obituaries?

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No, obituaries were not a common practice in ancient Greece. Death was typically commemorated through funeral rituals and monuments, rather than written obituaries as we know them today.

What changes occurred during the dark age in ancient Greece?

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In the 8th century BC, Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization. Literacy had been lost and Mycenaean script forgotten, but the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, modifying it to create the Greek alphabet. From about the 9th century BC written records begin to appear. Greece was divided into many small self-governing communities, a pattern largely dictated by Greek geography, where every island, valley and plain is cut off from its neighbours by the sea or mountain ranges. Early Athenian coin, 5th century BC

The Lelantine War (c.710-c.650 BC) was an ongoing conflict with the distinction of being the earliest documented war of the ancient Greek period. Fought between the important poleis (city-states) of Chalcis and Eretria over the fertile Lelantine plain of Euboea, both cities seem to have suffered a decline as result of the long war, though Chalcis was the nominal victor. A mercantile class rose in the first half of the 7th century, shown by the introduction of coinage in about 680 BC.[citation needed] This seems to have introduced tension to many city states. The aristocratic regimes which generally governed the poleis were threatened by the new-found wealth of merchants, who in turn desired political power. From 650 BC onwards, the aristocracies had to fight not to be overthrown and replaced by populist tyrants. The word derives from the non-pejorative Greek τύραννος tyrannos, meaning 'illegitimate ruler', although this was applicable to both good and bad leaders alike.[2][3] A growing population and shortage of land also seems to have created internal strife between the poor and the rich in many city states. In Sparta, the Messenian Wars resulted in the conquest of Messenia and enserfment of the Messenians, beginning in the latter half of the 8th century BC, an act without precedent or antecedent in ancient Greece. This practice allowed a social revolution to occur.[4] The subjugated population, thenceforth known as helots, farmed and laboured for Sparta, whilst every Spartan male citizen became a soldier of the Spartan Army in a permanently militarized state. Even the elite were obliged to live and train as soldiers; this equality between rich and poor served to diffuse the social conflict. These reforms, attributed to the shadowy Lycurgus of Sparta, were probably complete by 650 BC. Athens suffered a land and agrarian crisis in the late 7th century, again resulting in civil strife. The Archon (chief magistrate) Draco made severe reforms to the law code in 621 BC (hence Draconian), but these failed to quell the conflict. Eventually the moderate reforms of Solon (594 BC), improving the lot of the poor but firmly entrenching the aristocracy in power, gave Athens some stability. The Greek world in the mid 6th century BC.

By the 6th century BC several cities had emerged as dominant in Greek affairs: Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes. Each of them had brought the surrounding rural areas and smaller towns under their control, and Athens and Corinth had become major maritime and mercantile powers as well. Rapidly increasing population in the 8th and 7th centuries had resulted in emigration of many Greeks to form colonies in Magna Graecia (Southern Italy and Sicily), Asia Minor and further afield. The emigration effectively ceased in the 6th century by which time the Greek world had, culturally and linguistically, become much larger than the area of present-day Greece. Greek colonies were not politically controlled by their founding cities, although they often retained religious and commercial links with them. In this period, huge economic development occurred in Greece and also her overseas colonies which experienced a growth in commerce and manufacturing. There was a large improvement in the living standards of the population. Some studies estimate that the average size of the Greek household, in the period from 800 BC to 300 BC, increased five times, which indicates a large increase in the average income of the population. In the second half of the 6th century, Athens fell under the tyranny of Peisistratos and then his sons Hippias and Hipparchos. However, in 510 BC, at the instigation of the Athenian aristocrat Cleisthenes, the Spartan king Cleomenes I helped the Athenians overthrow the tyranny. Afterwards, Sparta and Athens promptly turned on each other, at which point Cleomenes I installed Isagoras as a pro-Spartan archon. Eager to prevent Athens from becoming a Spartan puppet, Cleisthenes responded by proposing to his fellow citizens that Athens undergo a revolution; that all citizens shared in the power, regardless of status; that Athens become a 'democracy'. So enthusiastically did the Athenians take to this idea, that, having overthrown Isagoras and implemented Cleisthenes's reforms, they were easily able to repel a Spartan-led three-pronged invasion aimed at restoring Isagoras.[5] The advent of the democracy cured many of the ills of Athens and led to a 'golden age' for the Athenians. Main article: Classical Greece == Main articles: Greco-Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War Athens and Sparta would soon have to become allies in the face of the largest external threat ancient Greece would see until the Roman conquest. After suppressing the Ionian Revolt, a rebellion of the Greek cities of Ionia, Darius I of Persia, King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, decided to subjugate Greece. His invasion in 490 BC was ended by the heroic Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon under Miltiades the Younger. Xerxes I of Persia, son and successor of Darius I, attempted his own invasion 10 years later, but despite his overwhelmingly large army he was defeated after the famous rearguard action at Thermopylae and victories for the allied Greeks at the Battles of Salamis and Plataea. The Greco-Persian Wars continued until 449 BC, led by the Athenians and their Delian League, during which time the Macedon, Thrace, the Aegean Islands and Ionia were all liberated from Persian influence. Delian League ("Athenian Empire"), immediately before the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC.

The dominant position of the maritime Athenian 'Empire' threatened Sparta and the Peloponnesian League of mainland Greek cities. Inevitably, this led to conflict, resulting in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC). Though effectively a stalemate for much of the war, Athens suffered a number of setbacks. A great plague in 430 BC followed by a disastrous military campaign known as the Sicilian Expedition severely weakened Athens. Sparta was able to ferment rebellion amongst Athens's allies, further reducing the Athenian ability to wage war. The decisive moment came in 405 BC when Sparta cut off the grain supply to Athens from the Hellespont. Forced to attack, the crippled Athenian fleet was decisively defeated by the Spartans under the command of Lysander at Aegospotami. In 404 BC Athens sued for peace, and Sparta dictated a predictably stern settlement: Athens lost her city walls (including the Long Walls), her fleet, and all of her overseas possessions. == Greece thus entered the 4th century under a Spartan hegemony, but it was clear from the start that this was weak. A demographic crisis meant Sparta was overstretched, and by 395 BC Athens, Argos, Thebes, and Corinth felt able to challenge Spartan dominance, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). Another war of stalemates, it ended with the status quo restored, after the threat of Persian intervention on behalf of the Spartans. The Spartan hegemony lasted another 16 years, until, when attempting to impose their will on the Thebans, the Spartans suffered a decisive defeat at Leuctra in 371 BC. The Theban general Epaminondas then led Theban troops into the Peloponnese, whereupon other city-states defected from the Spartan cause. The Thebans were thus able to march into Messenia and free the population. Deprived of land and its serfs, Sparta declined to a second-rank power. The Theban hegemony thus established was short-lived; at the battle of Mantinea in 362 BC, Thebes lost her key leader, Epaminondas, and much of her manpower, even though they were victorious in battle. In fact such were the losses to all the great city-states at Mantinea that none could establish dominance in the aftermath. The weakened state of the heartland of Greece coincided with the rising power of Macedon, led by Philip II. In twenty years, Philip had unified his kingdom, expanded it north and west at the expense of Illyrian tribes, and then conquered Thessaly and Thrace. His success stemmed from his innovative reforms to the Macedon army. Phillip intervened repeatedly in the affairs of the southern city-states, culminating in his invasion of 338 BC. Decisively defeating an allied army of Thebes and Athens at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), he became de facto hegemon of all of Greece. He compelled the majority of the city-states to join the League of Corinth, allying them to him, and preventing them from warring with each other. Philip then entered into war against the Achemaenid Empire but was assassinated by Pausanias of Orestis early on in the conflict. Alexander, son and successor of Philip, continued the war. Alexander defeated Darius III of Persia and completely destroyed the Achaemenid Empire, annexing it to Macedon and earning himself the epithet 'the Great'. When Alexander died in 323 BC, Greek power and influence was at its zenith. However, there had been a fundamental shift away from the fierce independence and classical culture of the poleis-and instead towards the developing Hellenistic culture. Main articles: Wars of Alexander the Great, Hellenistic Period, and Hellenistic civilization The Hellenistic period lasted from 323 BC, which marked the end of the Wars of Alexander the Great, to the annexation of the Greece by the Roman Republic in 146 BC. Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which remained essentially unchanged until the advent of Christianity, it did mark the end of Greek political independence. The major Hellenistic realms; the Ptolemaic kingdom (dark blue); the Seleucid empire (yellow); Macedon (green) and Epirus (pink).

During the Hellenistic period, the importance of "Greece proper" (that is, the territory of modern Greece) within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria respectively. The conquests of Alexander had numerous consequences for the Greek city-states. It greatly widened the horizons of the Greeks and led to a steady emigration, particularly of the young and ambitious, to the new Greek empires in the east. Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch and the many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake, as far away as what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan, where the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdom survived until the end of the 1st century BC. After the death of Alexander his empire was, after quite some conflict, divided amongst his generals, resulting in the Ptolemaic Kingdom (based upon Egypt), the Seleucid Empire (based on the Levant, Mesopotamia and Persia) and the Antigonid dynasty based in Macedon. In the intervening period, the poleis of Greece were able to wrest back some of their freedom, although still nominally subject to the Macedonian Kingdom. The city states formed themselves into two leagues; the Achaean League (including Thebes, Corinth and Argos) and the Aetolian League (including Sparta and Athens). For much of the period until the Roman conquest, these leagues were usually at war with each other, and/or allied to different sides in the conflicts between the Diadochi (the successor states to Alexander's empire). The Antigonid Kingdom became involved in a war with the Roman Republic in the late 3rd century. Although the First Macedonian War was inconclusive, the Romans, in typical fashion, continued to make war on Macedon until it was completely absorbed into the Roman Republic (by 149 BC). In the east the unwieldy Seleucid Empire gradually disintegrated, although a rump survived until 64 BC, whilst the Ptolemaic Kingdom continued in Egypt until 30 BC, when it too was conquered by the Romans. The Aetolian league grew wary of Roman involvement in Greece, and sided with the Seleucids in the Roman-Syrian War; when the Romans were victorious, the league was effectively absorbed into the Republic. Although the Achaean league outlasted both the Aetolian league and Macedon, it was also soon defeated and absorbed by the Romans in 146 BC, bringing an end to the independence of all of Greece.

What are the Greek holy men called?

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They didn't have 'holy men' whatever holy means. They had people who officiated at religious ceremonies, which varied from sacrifices to sporting games to funerals and dedications etc etc. These events were officiated by kings, magistrates, generals and ordinary people, depending on the nature of the ceremony.

What did Giotto contribute by Western art?

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Asked by Christopherheuser

Giottos sells products that would be suited for cameras such as tripods, monopods, lenses, lighting stands and much more. For more information on the variety of products sold online at Giottos one can always visit the company website for further details.

Was Cato a famous greek philospher?

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No. There were two Catos, Cato the Elder and Cato the Younger. Both were Roman statesmen. Cato the Elder was the grandfather of Cato the Younger.

The closest either came to Greece was Cato the Elder commanding troops sent to Greece to oppose its invasion by Antiochus III; he won the Battle of Thermopylae, which turned the course of the war.

How far would troops leaving sardis have to travel over land to reach thermopylae?

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First north west to The Dardanelles strait, cross over the temporary bridge to Europe, then west through Thrace, Macedonia, and fially south through Thessally, at the southern end of which lay the pass of Thermopylai leading to southern Greece.