Our saliva is a powerful neutralising agent, and will reduce the pH of an acid, such as citric acid (fruit)

Combing an acid and a base produces a salt and water.

Here are the general acid equations.

Acid + Base = Salt + Water

Acid + Alkali = Salt + Water

Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen

Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide.

NB An Alkali is a soluble Base.

What is MgCl ??? If you mean 'MgCl2' then it is a SALT.

The chemical compound known as caustic soda, or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is a potent base with corrosive properties, widely used in industries like textiles, soaps, and paper production. Its formula NaOH consists of sodium (Na), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) atoms.

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The water should stay the same colour if you are using litmus paper, but if you are using a liquid the colour should change.

The colour purely depends on the acidity/alkalinity of the water you are putting it in. Yellows are alkaline, Greens are neutral and Blues are acidic (it may be the other way around.. yellow being acid, blue being alki.) The measure of acidity is pH.

Strong Acid ; pH = 1-3

Weak acid ; pH = 4-6

Neutral ; pH 7

Weak alkali ; pH = 8 -10 ( The answer)

Strong Alkali ; pH = 11- 14

The carboxylic Acid functional Group .

It is indicated by R-COOH or R-C(=O)OH or R-C(=O)-O-H

'R' is the rest of the organic molecule

The '-' is a single bond

The '=' is a double bond

Both oxygens are connected directly to the carbon.

First of all the formula for hydrochloric acid is 'HCl'. NOT 'hcl'. For single letter symbols it is ALWAYS a CAPITAL letter ; hence hydrogen is 'H'. For two letter symbols , the first letter is a CAPITAL letter and the second letter is lower case., hence chlorine is 'Cl;. This is the recognised international standard.

To answer you question .

HCl is hydrogen chloride , which is a gas. However, it readily dissolves in water to form hydrochloric acid. As it dissolves it form the ions 'H^(+)' and 'Cl^(-)'. It is the 'H^(+)' ion that is the acid component and pH is measured against it.

HCl does NOT remain undissociated in water.

Yes I agree it can be confusing. The formula HCl is the same for the gas and the acid.

Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 = Al2 (SO4)3 + 3H2O

We note that the molar ratios are

1:3::1:3

By Equivalence

0.89 : 2.67 ;; 0,89 :2.67

So moles of aluminium sulphate produced is 0.89

Using the equation

moles = mass(g) / Mr

Then mass = moles X Mr

Refer to the Atomic Masses in the Periodic Table to find the Mr(Relative Molecular mass of Al2(SO4)3

Hence

Al x 2 = 27 x 2 = 54

S x 3 = 32 x 3 = 96

O x (4 x 3 = 12) 16 x 12 = 192

54 + 96 + 192 = 342 ( Mr of Al2(SO4)3 )

Hence

mass(g) = 0,89 X 342 = 304.38 g (This is the 100% theoretical yield. Experimentally it will be less , owing to losses in the filter paper , spillages etc., )

HCl is a colourless gas, with pungent odour.

When dissolved in water to form hydrochloric acid , it remains colourless.

to cancel an acid you need to add a base (alkaline) and vice versa.

so for example of this you take vinegar (an acid) and add baking soda (an alkaline) you'll get a chemical reaction releasing gas (in this case CO2) and what your left with is a mixture of water and salt.

YES!!!

Here are the general acid reactions.

Acid + Base = Salt + Water

Acid + Alkali - Salt + Water

Acid + metal = Salt + Hydrogen

Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide.

Here are some examples

2HCl + Na2O = 2NaCl + H2O

HNO3 + KOH = KNO3 + H2O

H2SO4 + Zn = ZnSO4 + H2

2CH3COOH + CaCO3 = Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O + CO2

HCL + Zn --> ZnCl + H2 (Displacement reaction)

Use the equation

Moles(m) = mass(g) / Mr (Relative Molecular Mass).

To calculate the Mr , refer to the Periodic Table, for Atomic Masses.

For H2SO4

We have

H x 2 = 1 x 2 = 2 ( 1 is the atomic mass of H )

S x 1 = 32 x 1 = 32 ( 32 is the atomic mass of S).

O x 4 = 16 x 4 = 64 (16 is the atomic mass of O).

Adding

2 + 32 + 64 = 98 the Mr of H2SO4

Substituting into the eq'n above

1 mole = mass(g) / 98

Algebraic rearrangement

mass(g) = 1 mole X 98(Mr)

mass(g) = 98 grams. is the mass of 1 mole of H2SO4 .

An Amino acid is an organic molecule with an amino functional group at one end of the molecule and a carboxylic acid function group at the other end.

Here is the structure of one such molecule.

H2N - CH2 - C(=O)-OH

Two of these molecules react together. The acid functional group react with the basic (amino) functional group to form a peptide link and extend the molecular chain . e.g.

H2N - CH2 - **C(=O)- N(-H)-**CH2 - COOH

The bit hi-lighted is the peptide link.

YES!!! HCOOH (Note the method of writing the formula), is Methanoic (Formic) Acid.

Neither acid, because of the common ion effect.

By adding H2SO4 and/or H3PO4 to CH3COOH )Vinegar) you are just increasing the 'H^(+)' ions; the common ion.

To neutralise vinegar sol'n use sodium carbonate (Soda Crystals/Washing Soda).

Remember Acids react with Carbonates to form the salt , water, and carbon dioxide.

Here is the BALANCED reaction eq'n

2CH3COOH + Ns2CO3 = 2[CH3COO=Na+] + H2O + CO2

Here is the UNbalamced reaction between vinegar and sulphuric acid

H2SO4 + CH3COOH = = 3H^(+) + SO4^)2-) + CH3COO^- No neutral salt or water. )FOES NOT WORK) .

What happens??? It reacts!!!!

You will see effervescence(bubbles) of hydrogen gas being liberates, and the zinc metal slowly disappearing.

Here is the Balanced reaction eq'n

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) = ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) .

AgBr2 doesn't have a widely accepted common name. However, based on chemical nomenclature conventions, here are two possibilities:

• Dibromosilver: This is the most straightforward name based on the constituent atoms: di- (two) + bromo (bromine) + silver.

• Silver(II) bromide: This name follows the Stock nomenclature system, indicating a silver cation with a +2 charge (though silver typically doesn't form stable +2 ions) combined with two bromide anions.

It's important to note that AgBr2 is not a common compound. Silver typically forms a 1:1 halide salt with bromine, resulting in silver bromide (AgBr), which is well-known for its light sensitivity and use in photography.👇👇

If you meanCH3CH2CH2COOH , then it is butanoic acid.

Normally the ethylene groups are bracketed as CH3(CH2)2COOH, writing ity as CH2CH22COOH indicates that there are '22' *(twenty two) carbons present , which in this case would be an impossibility .

All acids have positive charge.

Both mineral and carboxylic acids ionise to some degree in solution producig hydrogen ions H^(+). , Notice they are plus/positive. It is these ions that are the avid component on a substance.

E.g. Mineral acid H2SO4 = 2H^(+) + SO4^(2-)

e.g. Carboxylic acid CH3COOH = CH3COO^(-) + H^(+)

The pH scale indicates the number of H^(+) ions in a solution. The lower the number , the more H^(+) ions.

Traditionally, if this reaction is taking place in solution, instead of writing

NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O

you would write

OH- + H+ --> H2O

because when the compounds are in the presence of water, they do not actually attach to each other.

NaOH becomes Na+ and OH- ions, and Na+ will not attach to anything else in water.

Similarly, HCl becomes H+ and Cl- ions, and Cl- will not attach to Na+ in water. (Think about salt in water; it dissolves).

Na+ and Cl- are called "spectator ions" because they do not participate in the reaction. They are just floating around in the beaker, so scientists do not include them in the final equation. What is left is OH- and H+ ions which makes H2O.

Gaviscon contain alginic acid which is made from seaweed

pH = 4 is mildly acidic.

The pH scale is

[H = 1 strongly acidic

pH = 4 mildly acidic

pH = 7 neutral ( Water)

pH = 9 mildly alkaline

pH = 14 strongly alkaline.