How do antibiotic resistant strains develop?

Answer 1

A virus or bacteria multiply more rapidly and use energy from the body's healthy cells. They also can mimic healthy cells, or create more virulent strains during reproduction of cells. This may challenge immune system responses, and thus fever, sore muscles, and fatigue develop. Here a doctor will prescribe an antiobiotic, to shorten the duration of the achiness, tired muscles, and fever. Frequently a bacteria is not the root cause of illness but a virus is, and viruses do not respond to antibiotics. They may reproduce rapidly, and eventually mutate into new strains, particularly if taking antibiotics that do not cure or halt them. Because antibiotics, and even antibacterial soaps, cleansers and the like have been used so widely, the mutatiions or reproductions have been able to become stronger and more deadly.

This has caused the outbreak of MRSA, to develop, which is a community wide bacteria.Until more advanced solutions come along, people are sticking to tried-and-true advice any doctor would offer: Wash your hands, and wash them often.

Answer 2

Consider a group of bacteria. They have slight genetic variances. When these bacteria are hit by a drug, say a standard antibiotic, most of them are killed off. Some might survive due to some mutation (perhaps additional pumps in their memberanes allow them to expel the antibiotic, providing additional protection). These few survivors remain and replicate. Pretty soon, you have a whole new population of bacteria- this time they're semi-resistant to the drug. Readministering the same antibiotic is going to be less effective- you'll just kill off bacteria which happen to get hit with an extra-strong dose or aren't as resistant. In the end, it means you're applying selective pressure so that the most drug-resistant bacteria are favored, and with every application of the drug, you're killing off fewer and fewer bacteria until the drug is rendered ineffective. The entire population of bacteria will have evolved resistance to that particular drug. So then a different drug is tried, and will be able to wipe out these resistant bacteria-for now. Pretty soon, the bacteria will also develop resistance to that drug. Eventually, you end up with bacteria that are resistant to essentially every available drug- called "super-bugs". The only treatment for an infection of these are last-line of defense antibiotics, which tend to carry a greater risk of side effects for the patient due to their strength. Even now, many of the final option antibiotics are ineffective. Through constant research and new antibiotics we can buy more time to treat these super-bugs. Also, by reducing commerical uses of antibiotics, we can give bacteria fewer chances to develop resistance, which will hopefully translate to a longer period of effectiveness for conventional drugs.

Answer 3

Drug resistance in antibiotic drug therapy refers to bacteria that are not destroyed by a prolonged course of antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic drug resistance is a growing health concern throughout the world.

Answer 4

Antibiotics are the chemicals produced by microorganisms to inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Antimicrobial drugs includes synthetic drugs like Sulfamethoxazole with Trimethoprim and Fluoroquinolone group along with Antibiotics. First and foremost reason to develop resistance to Antibiotic resistance is to use them as anti-pyre-tic drugs. If you give Antibiotic to a patient of viral fever, like Influenza, then it will prevent the growth of 'usual pathogens'. Then 'unusual pathogens' take over as body defense mechanism has lowered down due to viral fever. Some of the 'unusual pathogens' are naturally resistant, partially or totally to Antibiotics. So best way to prevent development of Antibiotics is to wait for secondary bacterial infection to take place and then to start Antibiotics. So many times this is not done. Only one type of bacteria develop bronchitis means it prevent growth of other 'unusual pathogens'. Second reason is under dosing of Antibiotics by quakes in developing countries. Low level of Antibiotics buy time for bacteria to develop resistance. As low level do not kill them. Third reason is noncompliance of Antibiotic treatment by patient. If patient do not take complete course of Antibiotic then bacteria buy time to develop resistance. Forth reason is Anatomical arrangement of bacteria like Staphylococci. Because they live in group like grape, inner cells are exposed less to Antibiotics and they buy time to develop resistance. Fifth reason includes plus points of bacteria over there host. 1) They are very small in size. So very large number of them can be accommodated in small place. 2) There division time. Only 20 to 30 minutes to double in number. ( Try to double the number of single bacteria thrice an hour for three days and see the number.) So one of them may be genetically resistant mutant bacteria. Then it will propagate, it's progeny with same speed and establish itself as a resistant bacteria. So do not under estimate any body. Bacteria has proved that they are far more superior than human being in just 70 years. Now you have multiple drug resistant Super-bug. And even tiny viruses has given us very little opportunity that you do not ask the question that why viruses develop resistance to Antiviral drugs. ( They to have developed resistance to antiviral drugs or in the process of developing resistance. For example Amantadine and Rimantadine in Influenza.)

Answer 5

Various germs, viruses and microbes gradually develop a defense against drugs used to combat them. The more often a certain drug is used to fight a particular germ, the more likely it is that the germ will develop a resistance to that drug.

Answer 6

evolution.

no drug can kill 100% of bacteria, but usually can kill enough to make the amount of bacteria small enough to be killed by the body's natural immune system. the drawback is that the bacteria not killed by the drug are obviously tolerant of it, and they live on to reproduce, as the bacteria killed by the drug do not, thus, the population of bacteria tolerant (immune) to the drug increases and the population of the bacteria killed by the drug decreases, until the only remaining bacteria are immune to the drug.

Answer 7

Drug rehab refers to all kinds of medical and psychotherapeutic treatments for psychoactive substance dependency. The primary intent of rehabilitation is to ensure that patients cease substance abuse in order to avoid legal, psychological, social, financial, and physical consequences of extreme abuse.

Answer 8

By adaptation. They get used to the antibiotics and pass on the trait to their offspring.

Answer 9

Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication to cure a disease or condition.

Answer 10

If you tell people or take drugs