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Viruses can cause lytic infections or lysogenic infections. When a virus enters a cell to make copies of itself, causing the cell to rupture, that is called a lytic infection. A lysogenic infection is where a virus incorporates itself into the DNA of the cell it invades and replicates its genetic code.
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
Wiki User
∙ 10y agoThe easiest way to understand how viruses replicate is to study the life cycles of viruses called bacteriophages (bacteria eaters). Bacteriophages replicate by either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle. The difference in these two cycles is that the cell dies at the end of the lytic cycle or the cell remains in the lysogenic cycle. The virus remains "hidden".
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What are two ways that viruses cause infections?
The two ways that viruses cause infection are by lytic infection and lysogenic infection. The virus can enter into a cell, make a copy of itself and the cause the cell to burst in a lytic infection. When a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of a host cell and replicates, it is a lysogenic infection.
How does a virus multiplied?
A virus injects its DNA into the host cell making it produce multiple copies of that DNA and multiple copies of the protein capsule of that virus. After a while, the host cell becomes full of many copies of that virus, then the host cell explodes releasing all the new viruses. If the host cell is a bacterium and the the virus is a bacterophage, this phenomenon is done in two ways either by the lytic cycle in which virus DNA survives and the bacterial cell is destroyed,or the lysogenic cycle in which virus DNA is incorporated in the host cell DNA.
How does a viral particle enter an animal host cell?
The virus sticks to the cell it is going to attack, injects its DNA and other life functioning items from it, the cell is tricked into making copy's of the items, the parts assemble into more viruses, and finally the viruses break out of the attacked cell and the cell bursts.
What are the two ways a virus multiplies?
A bacteriophage ( virus that infect bacteria) can multiply in a cell by two ways:lytic and lysogenic cycle.In lytic cycle, the phage DNA enters the cell, replicate and assembled within the cell and released outside by rupturing the host. It continues to invade the other bacteria.In case of lysogenic cycle the phage DNA once it enter the host cell gets integrated into the host genome and multiply along with host DNA. It remains latent. Upon proper induction, it undergoes lytic cycle again.The viruses that multiply by integrating into the host genome are widely used in gene therapy.
What virus causes a cell to burst?
Lysis is the name for the splitting open of the host cell membrane with the release of newly formed virus particles. It is one of the ways that the new viruses are released after replication. The release is called viral shedding. Another way that viruses are shed, besides through lysis, is budding. Viruses that need to be held in an envelope after formation (like HIV and smallpox), separate from the host cell through a process called budding, where they surround themselves with a piece of the cell's plasma membrane prior to the release.
How do viruses infect eukaryotic cells?
In bacterial viruses, the protein coat remains outside the cell and only the viral genome is injected into the cell. In animal viruses, the virus attaches to specific receptors on the plasma membrane and the whole virus is taken in by endocytosis (pinocytosis or phagocytosis). The viral envelope (if present) is stripped off inside the cell, and the separation of the viral genome from the protein coat then takes place. Not all infections of animal host cells result in lysis of the cell (as in the lytic cycle of bacteriophages). In the case of enveloped animal viruses, the viruses are released by a budding process. The process is slow and the host cell may remain alive and continue to release viruses over a long period of time. In some cases the virus may become dormant (though remaining infectious) inside the host cell, appearing spontaneously at a later time. (Unlike temperate bacteriophages that integrate their DNA into the genome of the host cell as provirus, animal viruses do not usually integrate into the animal genome during the latent stage.) Finally, some animal viruses may cause transformation of host cells to the cancerous state.--Differences between bacteriophages and viruses that infect eukaryotic cells
What are two ways viruses are like living things?
The only characteristic of a living thing that is shared by viruses is genetic material, either DNA or RNA. They do not reproduce, their genetic information hijacks a living cell's machinery, and turns the cell into a virus factory, this is called replication. They do not require food. Some viruses have moving parts that allow them to inject their genetic material into the host cell.
What is one characteristic shared by a virus and a living cell is both-?
They both carry some sort of genetic material. A virus is a package of genetic material. This genetic material is either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). This little package is carried in a shell called the capsid. Some viruses have an extra envelope covering the capsid. While covered in its capsid, a virus is in an extracellular state. This means the virus hasn't invaded a host cell and is pretty much just hanging around doing nothing. However, once a virus invades a host cell, it becomes intracellular, and that's when the action starts. A virus can infect a cell several different ways - through bodily fluids (such as saliva or blood), air (sneezing or coughing) or a mosquito bite. The virus then begins its attack by triggering the cell to let it in and take control. The virus starts replicating and overriding the cell's normal functioning and, in some cases, inserts its own genetic material into the cell's DNA. The cell actually does all the work the virus just calls the shots. The virus becomes a commander and starts sending out more infectious troops into the body.
3 ways materials enter and leave cell?
nucleus nucleus
What do viruses require to make copies make of themselves?
A virus will replicate in different ways depending on what type of virus it is. There are single- and double-stranded DNA and single- and double-stranded RNA viruses as well as single-stranded RNA in both positive and negative sense, and a couple of others that replicate through intermediaries. Use the link below to the Wikipedia post on how the different viruses replicate. You'll find the article very readable, and it's free. Viruses have to hijack a host DNA and forces it to produce virus particles not host proteins. These viral particles are assembled by the host cell. When the host cell is full of these particles it bursts open and dies.
In what way is a virus like an organism?
There are many ways that viruses are NOT like living organisms. Viruses differ from living organisms in the following ways: • Viruses cannot reproduce without the help of a host cell • Viruses do not metabolize organic nutrients, but instead use ATP made by the host cell. • Viruses are not separated from their external environment by some sort of barrier like a cell wall or membrane. • Viruses contain either DNA or RNA but never both. A virus can also be like organisms in that they still consist of macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids just like organisms do.
What are some ways that parasitic worms can enter the host?
Through the skin, food (uncooked meat), contacts (if not cleaned).
