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The Commanding General of the US Army was Winfield Scott. The first campaign of the war was along the Rio Grande and in northern Mexico, and the field commander of US forces there was Zachary Taylor. The Mexicans were led by Santa Anna, who seemed to have more lives than Jason or Freddie Krueger.
Fremont led an overland expedition to seize California.
Taylor was so successful in his campaign that Scott began to worry that Taylor would parlay his popularity into the presidency. So Scott took the field himself, taking away most of Taylor's troops. Taylor had pretty much run out of anything to do in northern Mexico anyway, having taken on all comers and beaten them all.
Scott led the most remarkable campaign in American history. The only thing anything like it at all was the US march to Baghdad in 2003. Scott landed on the east coast of Mexico, at Vera Cruz, and beseiged and captured that fortified city. There was only one road inland, and it led up over steep mountains. Scott was opposed by Santa Anna also, who had moved south with his army, which was much, much larger than Scott's. Scott set out for the interior of Mexico with 9000 troops. They fought and won two battles against troops entrenched on good defensive ground in the mountains, and then entered the Valley of Mexico. They captured the City of Mexico, with its 250,000 inhabitants, even then the largest city in the Americas. To do this they had to fight and win several battles, including storming the strongest fortress in the Americas, Chapultepec, with walls thirty feet thick. Mexico City was on an island in a lake, and the only approaches were over long, straight causeways, down which enemy cannon were sighted. Still, Scott and his little army prevailed, captured the city, and dictated peace terms there to the defeated Mexicans.
Scott and Taylor wound up opposing each other in the 1848 presidential race, which of course was won by "Old Dad" Taylor. Scott continued as Commanding General until 1862, when he was 75 years old, and had been on active duty for nearly 54 years. There was no retirement plan then. Scott commanded the US Army for more than twenty years. Scott was the last Whig to run for president, and the party soon died after he lost.
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