The Rosetta Stone.
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The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799 near Alexandria in Northern Egypt, was the key that unlocked the secret of the hieroglyphics.
It provided the first chance to understand Egyptian Hieroglyphics writing by providing the same text in Hieroglyphics, Demotic, and Greek. Both the Greek and Demotic could be read to find out what was being said on the stone, the Hieroglyphics could then be compared and analyzed for patterns (similar to the way codes and cyphers are broken).
The Rosetta Stone is the key that helped scholars decode some Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Jean-François Champollion deciphered the hieroglyphics by using the Rosetta stone, which enabled everyone to learn how to read them.
Well, hieroglyphics helped them keep track of events, news, and leaders, for example; King Tut; The births of future leaders; and the reuniting of the 2 regions.