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There are three major non-adaptive or innate defenses in the skin to prevent the entry of pathogenic organisms.

  1. Keratin acts as a physical barrier to prevent moisture from escaping and pathogens from entering.
  2. Sebaceous glands in the skin produce sebum which is an oily substance that can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.
  3. Epithelial cells produce antimicrobial peptides called defensins.
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Q: Which adaptations of the skin prevent pathogens from entering the body?
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