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An apoprotein is a polypeptide portion of a conjugated protein.
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What is an apoaequorin?
An apoaequorin is an apoprotein found in the photoprotein aequorin.
Apolipoprotein CII?
DefinitionApolipoprotein CII (apoCII) is a protein found in large fat particles absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is also found in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is made up of mostly triglycerides.This article discusses the test used to check for apoCII in a sample of your blood.Alternative NamesApoCII; Apoprotein CII; ApoC2How the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.How to prepare for the testYou may be told not to eat or drink anything for 4 - 6 hours before the test.How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain, or only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Why the test is performedApoCII measurements can help to determine the specific type or cause of high blood lipids (hyperlipidemia).Normal ValuesUsually, apoCII is reported as present or absent. If the specific level is measured, the normal value may vary according to the institution performing the test.Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What abnormal results meanHigh levels of apoCII may be due to:Angina pectorisFamilial lipoprotein lipase deficiencyHeart attackLow apoCII levels are seen in persons with a rare condition called familial apoprotein CII deficiency. This causes chylomicronemia syndrome.What the risks areVeins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:Excessive bleedingFainting or feeling light-headedHematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)ReferencesMahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Bersot TP. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 36.Semenkovich CF. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 217.
Apolipoprotein B100?
DefinitionApolipoprotein B100 (apo B100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. It is a form of low density lipoprotein(LDL).This article discusses the test used to measure the level of apoB100 in the blood.Alternative NamesApoB100; Apoprotein B100How the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.How to prepare for the testYour health care provider may tell you not to eat or drink anything for 4 - 6 hours before the test.How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain, or only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Why the test is performedMost often, this test is done to help determine the cause or specific type of hyperlipidemia.Normal ValuesThe normal range is 40 - 125 mg/dL.Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What abnormal results meanAn abnormal result may mean you have high lipid levels (hyperlipidemia).Other disorders that may be associated with high apoB100 levels include angina pectoris and heart attack.See also: Familial combined hyperlipidemiaWhat the risks areExcessive bleedingFainting or feeling light-headedHematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)Multiple punctures to locate veinsSpecial considerationsApolipoprotein measurements may provide more detail about your risk for heart disease, but the added value of this test beyond a lipid panel is unknown.ReferencesMahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Bersot TP. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 36.Semenkovich CF. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 217.
Can you list all the words in the world that have an A in them?
A (aminoacyl) site A form DNA a(n)- A-factor A-protein A23187 Ab initio gene prediction ab- abaxial Abbreviated New Drug Application ABC proteins ABCD rating abdomen abdominal abetalipoproteinemia abiogenesis abiotic abiotic factors abiotic stress ablation abnormal ABO blood group aboral end abortion abortive abortive transduction abscess abscise abscisic acid abscission zone absolute zero absorbance optics absorptive endocytosis abyssal zone abzyme acanthocarpa acanthodes acariasis acaricide acarodomatia acaulescent accelerated run acceptor acceptor arm acceptor end acceptor stem accessory cell accessory pigment accessory protein acclimation accommodation accrete accumbent accuracy acellular acellular vaccine acentric chromosome acentric fragment aceriform acerose acervulus acesulfames acetaminophen acetic acid acetyl group acetylcholine acetylcholine receptor channel Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Achaete-scute complex (AS-C) achene achenecetum achenocarp Achilles tendon achiral achlamydeous achlorophyllous achondroplasia acid Acid phosphatase acid rain acid-base reaction acid-ionization constant acidic oxide acidosis acini acne acoelomate acre acrocentric Acrocentric chromosome acrosomal vesicle acrosome ACTH actin action potential activate Activated Support activation energy activation energy (deltaG) Activator and Dissociation active immunity active site active transport actuator acute acyl-CoA acyl-CoA synthetase ad- adaptation adaptive landscape adaptive peak adaptive radiation additive genetic effects additive genetic variance additive model adductor longus adenine adenocarcinoma adenosine adenosine deaminase deficiency adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Adenovirus adfluvial ADH adhesion adipocyte adipose tissue adjacent segragation adjacent-1 segregation adjacent-2 segregation adjuvant ADME ADMETox drug screening adrenal adrenal cortex adrenal glands adrenal medulla adrenalectomy adrenaline adrenergic adrenergic receptors adrenocorticotropic hormone adult-onset adventitious root aerial root aerobic aerobic respiration Aeronomy affected affected relative pair afferent afferent arteriole affinity agar agarose age structure agent agglutination aggrade aggregate aggregates aggregation technique aggresome agitator agonist Agricultural Development and Advisory Service Agrobacterium AIDS-related complex AKT Alagille Syndrome Alanine albedo albino albumen albumin alcoholic fermentation Aldehyde dehydrogenase aldosterone algae alkali metal alkaline earth metal alkaline phosphatase alkalosis alkylating agent allantois allele allele frequency allele specific hybridization Allele specific polymerase chain reaction Allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) allelic allelic exclusion allergen allergy allergy mediator allo- allogeneic allogeneic antigen allogeneic graft allogenic allograft allometric growth allopatric speciation allopolyploid allosteric change allosteric protein allotype alloy allozygosity allozyme alpha globulin alpha helix Alpha-fetoprotein alpha-linolenic acid Alphamethylstyrene alpine altered alternate segregation alternation of generations alternative pathway alternative splicing altruism Alu family alveolar duct alveolar epithelium alveolar ventilation alveolate alveoli Alzheimer's Disease amber codon amber suppressor ambi- ambient Ames test amino acid amino group aminoacyl-tRNA aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase Aminoglycosides aminotransferase ammonia amniocentesis Amniography amnion amniote Amniotic fluid amoebocyte amorph Amphetamine amphi- amphibian amphidiploid Amphimixis amphipathic amphoteric amphotropic virus amplexus Amplicon amplification amplification of DNA Amplified fragment length polymorphism ampoule ampulla ampullae amu amygdala amylase amyloid amyloidogenesis amyloidosis amylose Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis amyotrophy anabolic anabolism anadromous anaerobe anaerobic respiration anagenesis analog analogous enzymes analogous structure analogy analysis analysis of variance analyst Analyte analytical chemistry anaphase anaphase I anaphase II anaphylatoxin anaphylaxis anastomose anatomy anaxonal neuron ancestor ANDA androecium androgen androgen receptor (AR) anemia anencephaly aneuploid aneuploidy angiogenesis angiosperm angiotensin Angstrom (Å ) animal animal behavior animal breeding animal model Animalia anion anisogamous anisogamy Anlage annealing annelid Annotation annual annual rings annulate anode ANOVA Antagonist antagonistic muscles antagonistic pleiotropy anterior anterior horn anther antheridia anthesis anthocyanin Anthropometric anti- anti-hypertensive drugs anti-inflammatory cytokines anti-oncogene anti-tumor drug antiarrhythmic antiasthmatic antibiotic antibiotic resistance antibody antibody assays antibody formation antibody specificity Anticipation anticipatory postural activity anticoagulant anticoding strand anticodon anticonvulsant antidiuretic hormone antigen antigen binding site antigen processing antigen receptor antigen-presenting cell (APC) antigenic determinant antigenic switching antimicrobial agent antimorph antioxidant antiparallel antipyrine antisense antisense RNA antiterminator protein anus aorta AP endonuclease AP site AP-1 APC APCI apex apical meristems Apogamy apolipoprotein Apomixis apoplast apoplastic apoprotein apoptosis appendicular skeleton appendix Application aprotinin aqueous humor aqueous solution aquifer arachidonic acid Archaea archegonia archenteron archeocyte arcuate nucleus arcuatus area postrema Arginine Argon armpit Arrayed library Arrestins Arrhenius acid arrow diagram arterial Arteriogram arteriole artery arthritis arthro arthropod artifact artificial insemination (A.I.) artificial selection ascending limb ascomycete ascospore ascus (asci) Asparagine Aspartame Aspartic acid aspiration aspirin assay Assembly assignment test assortative mating aster asthma astrocyte astrocytosis asymmetric division asymptomatic ataxia ataxia-telangiectasia atmospheric pressure chemical ionization atom atomic mass atomic mass unit atomic number atomic weight atopy ATP synthase atrazine Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) atrial natriuretic factor receptors atriopore atrioventricular node atrioventricular valve atrium atrophy attached X attenuation attenuator attenuator stem attract auditory nerve auricle autoantibody Autocatalytic Reaction autochthonous autoecology autogamy autograft autoimmune disease autoimmunity autologous automixis autonomic nervous system autonomous replication sequence (ARS) autonomous specification autopolyploid autoradiography autoregulation autosomal dominant autosomal recessive autosomal set autosome autotroph autozygosity autozygous auxin auxotroph auxotrophic mutant average average molecular weight avidity Avogadro's law Avogadro's number (N) Avuncular relationship axial skeleton axil axilla axon axoneme azoic
