Political cultures may be consensual or conflictual on issues of public policy and on their views of legitimate governmental and political arrangements. In a consensual political culture citizens tend to agree on the appropriate means of making decisions and tend to share views of what the major problems of the society are and how to solve these. In more conflictual cultures the citizens are sharply divided, often on both the legitimacy of the regime and solutions to major problems.
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Subcultures are smaller groups within a society that share a distinctive set of behaviors, beliefs, and values that differ from those of the dominant culture. These groups often form around shared interests, lifestyles, or beliefs and can influence individual identity and sense of belonging. Subcultures can be found in various aspects of society, such as music, fashion, hobbies, or ideologies.
The dominant culture of a society is normally the established language, religion, behavior, values, rituals, and social customs. These traits are always the norm for the society as a whole. The dominant culture is usually, but not always in the majority and achieves all its dominance by controlling such social institutions as communication, educational institutions, artistic expression, law, political process, and business.
A subculture is a cultural group that is part of a larger culture or society. The subculture typically has somewhat different beliefs than the larger culture.
Some types of subcultures in sociology include countercultures, which challenge dominant cultural norms; deviant subcultures, which engage in behavior that goes against societal expectations; and identity subcultures, which form around shared identities such as race, gender, or religion. Other subcultures can be based on interests or hobbies, like music, fashion, or gaming subcultures.
Some subcultures in Mexico include the Cholombiano, Emo, Cholo, and Maras. These subcultures have distinct styles, music preferences, and ways of expression that set them apart from mainstream Mexican culture. Each subculture has its own unique characteristics and influences.
Some subcultures in Canada include Indigenous cultures, French Canadians, Chinese Canadians, South Asian Canadians, and LGBTQ+ communities. These groups contribute to the diverse cultural landscape of Canada, each with their own customs, traditions, and languages.
Subcultures often share values, norms, and beliefs with mainstream culture, while also having their unique identities and practices. They may challenge dominant cultural norms and offer alternative perspectives, influencing mainstream culture in the process. Additionally, subcultures can evolve and influence mainstream culture over time.
The conflict perspective argues that subcultures emerge when society's institutions, such as government and law enforcement, fail to address the needs or desires of certain groups. In this framework, subcultures may form in response to perceived injustices or oppressive actions by the dominant society.