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Strictly speaking, no. Generally speaking, yes.
While Spain was never under the direct governance of Bishops, Archbishops, Cardinals or Popes of the Catholic Church (or under Sunni Muslim Imams during the Islamic Occupation), the Catholic Church had a very strong hand in guiding the lay Kings and Queens of Spain. The Catholic Church had almost unfettered and unrestricted access in Spain from the 13th to 19th centuries. Since the Kings and Queens of Spain were laity, Spain could never be said to be a theocracy, strictly speaking. However, for all intents and purposes they were.