Of course, you can always draw a straight line from Moon to Sun, so really, to be interesting, the alignment would involve Earth, Sun, and the Moon. If they are in a straight line, there will sometimes be solar eclipses, or lunar eclipses.
New moon
Technically it CAN'T be aligned with the planets, because the planets' positions change all the time.
The term is syzygy (astronomy) or a solar eclipse.
Because - a lunar eclipse is when Earth blocks the sun's rays from hitting the moon. This can only happen when the sun, Earth and the moon are nearly perfectly aligned (meaning when Earth comes between the sun and moon - which is when we have a full moon.)
A Total eclipse - is where the moon passes directly in front of the sun's disc - completely obscuring it. A partial - is where the moon and sun aren't quite aligned, and part of the sun is left 'uncovered' as the moon makes its transit.
When the moon is aligned to the sun and the earth: MOON --> EARTH --> SUN
The Moon and the Sun are on opposite sides.
New moon
When the moon passes between the Sun and Earth there is a new moon. In a special case where the Sun and Moon are aligned there is an eclipse of the Sun (the moon blocking view of the Sun).
This is the arrangement for a New Moon.
you need the moon and the earth Aligned to the sun then enjoy the show!
When Earth, the moon and the Sun are perfectly aligned. Not very often...
Technically it CAN'T be aligned with the planets, because the planets' positions change all the time.
The earth is aligned with the moon and the sun
A solar eclipse is caused when the moon crosses in front of the sun.
The moon does not produce light. It only reflects light from the sun.
The Sun, Moon, and Earth are all aligned in both.