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Lincoln's election in 1860 ended the two party system that had prevailed for decades. There were four major candidates for president that year.

After the war, older parties including the Whigs vanished completely. The only two parties with any following were the Republicans, mainly in the northern states, and the Democrats in the south.

In the Civil War and postwar years, the Republican Party favored greater government control, reduced states' rights, civil rights for blacks and immigrants, etc. The Democrats were opposite in all things - favoring states' rights, limiting voting rights and other civil rights, maintaining 'traditional' values including segregation.

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Q: How did the Civil War influence the balance of power in the two-party political system?
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