When light travels, it goes through a substance called a medium which could be anything such as air, water, or glass. Different mediums have different contents within themselves, such as its density, thus giving themselves different "Angles of Incidences". As it passes from one medium to another, the light ray's speed and wavelength are changed, so it'll either travel faster or slower than the previous speed of light. The angle will be given to the ray based on the medium's Angle of Incidence as mentioned before.
Light travels at different speeds in different substances.
Refractive Index is a measure of this.
Refraction is the bending of light when is moves from one substance to another. Most commonly seen in Air/Water and Air/Glass since we have these around us a lot.
The change in the density of the medium through which the light is travelling - causes the direction of the light ray to change direction slightly.
refraction is the cause================================Because light bends when it crosses the boundary between air and water,but when your brain judges the direction of an object, it assumes that thelight from it came to you straight.
nearly parallel to the shoreline
I work in optics and I am currently studying this very thing, light when it enters a medium is based on index, the index of water for example is 1.33333333, spectacle lenses start at 1.498, as it enters it splits into its different colours, what we see is white light, once it hits a medium it splits like a rainbow, as each colour travels at a different speed and thus, bends differently, the red light falls before the green etc, the math of what your asking is fairly intensive, but basically it'd regarding the mass of the object, to trace white light we use "n sin I = n' sin i'" n being the index or mass of that material, I is the angle of incidence, but in blunt form it refracts when the light is split due to the mass of the object, I'd explain further but it involves working out indices, then tracing and working out how much the light splits (chromatic abberations ) and where each colour lands after
becasue the rain bends the light from the sun thus casueing a rainbow The raindrops act as a prism and refract the light from the sun, causing it to break up into the colors of the spectrum. This happens because the color we see depends on the angle of refraction. Passing through a prism or a raindrop, different parts of the light are bent by different amounts, and so they get separated.
Light travels faster through a gas. In general, as the density of a material increases the velocity which light will travel through it decreases.
This is caused by a change in the speed of light .
refraction
what is the meant by total internal reflection
Reflection, refraction, absorption.
Refraction is the phenomenon causes colors of visible light to be separated by a prism.
Refraction
refraction
Due to refraction. :p It makes you perceive that the persons legs are shorter. To think this is all to do with the simple distortion of mediums :)Sources: My year 8 science class.
No, doubling the angle of incidence itself will not cause a doubling of the angle of refraction.
refraction causes it to bend
Refraction is a change in direction of a wave due to a change in its transmission medium.
Prisms create spectrum of colors by the cause of refraction.