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Cross this set of alleles. Aa X AA

The a is a deleterious genetic defect and in a small population the carriers of this defect will breed with each other in a probabilistically greater number.

Why do species rise from a small sample necessarily? They do not always do that. A geographically isolated species may be very large.

Regardless, look to the alleles I showed you. Probabilities are all. Say this cross in our small population.I showed these alleles existing.

Aa X Aa

This cross yields 1/4 AA, and probabilistically a small population could get out of deleterious trouble; or they could, after a time, go extinct. Lots of random events in the history of life.

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Q: Why does inbreeding increase the rate of genetic defects and is this why a species needs a minimum population to avoid extinction... If so how do species arise from what must be a small sample?
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