Because the alternator will keep your car running as long as its running
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Yes,they do. and if a cars' batteries run out you have to get a new one.
Some can be, and some are run by electricity. They all run on electricity. But some run on DC battery voltage and some run on AC household voltage. Some can even run on DC or AC voltage. All automobile radios run on DC battery voltage.
low temperatures can increase viscosity of fuel and/or lubricants, and it can sometimes drain batteries, etc.
The Alternator outputs AC voltage which is converted to DC voltage. The battery stores DC voltage. The engine and all electronics run on 12 volts DC. The spark plugs fire with thousands of DC volts that are produced by the coils. It is all electrical energy.
That depends on how the batteries were wired, for what voltage. If they were to provide a 6 volt source, then yes, but not for very long as the 12 volts would burn the motors out very quickly. If they were wired to provide for 18 volts then yes, but it won't run very fast because of the low voltage.
A run down or nearing end of life battery. Dirty and/or loose battery connections.
one is run by petrol and one is run by batteries...?
You can run your air conditoner in low votage by using a double booster stablizer which low cut off volt is 135 and High cut off may be 170. As per my experience this is the only one way to run AC in low voltage. Dont try to run AC if this stablized is not supporting it will cause AC damage and Increase your electric bill. It is best to run an AC 1Hour in average voltage rather to run full day with low voltage.
A car cannot recharge its own battery if the battery is completely dead, because you need excitation voltage in the rotor to develop a voltage in the stator. Besides, you need voltage to run the ignition/computer system, and you need voltage to start the engine. That said, most batteries are not completely dead. If you can jump start the car, and assuming there is no electrical problem anywhere, you can run the engine and charge the battery. Problem is that most car batteries are not designed for deep discharge, and the probability that damage was done is greater than normal. Also, if the battery is very deeply discharged, you probably ought to charge it with an external charger (with the battery disconnected from the car) until its voltage is somewhat normal and its electrolyte is within limits for specific gravity.
no
Fuel. But for new cars like some Toyota can run on batteries.
No, batteries put out DC voltage and you home runs on AC voltage. Even with a converter there is only enough power in a battery to run a few lights, TV, or a small appliance for a very short period of time.