HENRI FAYOL
1841-1925
Command and control
F
ayol is famous for the classical school of
management, which emphasises 'command
and control'. A Frenchman, he wrote General and Industrial
Management in 1916, but it was not translated into English until
1949.
5
Fayol taught that the functions of management are five-fold:
planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling.
He also defined 14 'principles of management'.
1. Division of work - specialisation and repetition, leading to speed
and accuracy.
2. Authority and responsibility - together, these require increasing
judgement and morality at senior levels: 'Responsibility is feared as
much as authority is sought for.'
3. Discipline - obedience, application and respect.
4. Unity of command - workers receiving orders from one superior
only.
5. Unity of direction - one plan, one leader.
6. Subordination of individual interests to the general good.
7. Fair but not excessive remuneration, which rewards effort.
8. Centralisation.
9. The scalar chain - a line or hierarchy of authority, although it was
permitted to cut out the hierarchy to improve communication
(juniors can interact with each other in the interests of efficiency).
10. Order: a place for everyone and everyone in their place.
11. Equity - equal and fair treatment of employees.
12. Stability - people need to stay in their jobs long enough to
deliver, so should not be moved around too much.
13. Initiative - allowing employees to think through a problem and
implement a solution (which, Fayol believed, increases motivation).
14. Esprit de corps - keeping the team together, using harmony as
a basis of strength: 'Dividing enemy forces to weaken them is
clever, but dividing one's own team is a grave sin against the
business.'
Although 'command and control' appears at odds with today's
emphasis on employee participation, it is undoubtedly true that
many organisations require a degree of hierarchy, and clear lines of
command and accountability, in order to function effectively. Any
organisation that has to respond quickly to a crisis - the armed
forces, for example, or the emergency services - needs to know
exactly who is in charge and who does what. Fayol has his
supporters today among management theorists. Elliott Jaques, for
example, points out that management hierarchies are still needed
because managers are accountable, so must have authority too.
6
In
practice, hierarchy is not necessarily autocratic; it is important to
work out the desirable layers of management, and the authority
associated with each,
so that employees
know where they
stand and can
therefore fulfil their
potential. Jaques
believes that concepts
such as de-layering,
group objectives and
empowerment can
lead to confusion and
problems due to an
incomplete
understanding of
where accountability
lies
[object Object]
major contribution of chester barnard in field of management
W. Edwards deming, Joseph Juran, Philip Crosby
yes
Contributors of modern management are problem solvers who work hard to guide a team of workers toward a common goal. Robinson Towne was a main contributor to the modern management movement.
the french were the major contributors (they were smart) the French Academy of Science were major contributors because they invented the metric system. They did this because it was based on 10s and made it easier to discuss measurements
Poor time management.
who are major contributors of realism?
The major WikiAnswers contributors can be seen through the 'Top Contributors' list. To see the Top Contributors list, simply go to the WikiAnswers home page, scroll to the bottom, and click the 'View Top Contributors' link. There is where you see the top 100 contributors of all time, the top 50 answerers, and top 50 editors on WikiAnswers.
The Babylonians, Egyptians, and Greeks were involved in the early development of geometry. However, the Greeks were major contributors to this field. Pythagoras, Thales, and Euclid are some men most famous for their contributions to this field.
Two of them are Krishna and Arjuna.
Bobo! walang sagot ang pucha! Lol