On the internet, I suppose you could a list of them on wikipedia (although I wouldn't trust it completely), the best website I've seen for this is everywritersresource.com. It has a list of publishers and next to each one a link to their individual websites. However off the internet you could probably find out information at a book store- though anyone correct me here if I am wrong.
What you're looking for is called Writer's Market - the Writer's Digest company publishes one edition every year. It lists publishers, literary agents and magazines.
There is a comprehensive list of publishers aas well as information on becoming a published Children's book author located at www.signaleader.com. There is also information on finding an illustrator.
Try this website: http://www.interdok.com/publishers/list.cfm
The most common children's book publishers is Peace Hill Press. You can see a list of the publishers at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_publishers_of_children%27s_books
The Christian Writer's Corner and Christian Book websites are a starting point to find a list of Christian publishers. Christian Book Publishing Information is another site that has publisher information.
Most small publishers do not explicitly advertise, and therefore are hard to find. However, by typing 'How to write a book' into google, a whole world of small publishers burst onto the screen.
Yes, you can find publishers interested in an author writing a book for the first time at www.caderbooks.com/pubfaq.html. Another good site is www.publishamerica.com
Publishers!
Random House and Scholastic Corp. are the two largest children's book publishers.
You need to find a publisher for your book. The best way to go about it is to go online to a store like amazon.com and search the published books to see who the publishers are. Then you need to write a query letter. For more help, visit http://www.writeandpublishyourbook.com/publishing/working-with-publishers/how-to-find-publisher-book-publishing/.
Teens find the same publishers as everybody else -- get the latest issue of Writer's Market and start reading! See which publishers are looking for the sort of thing you're writing and reach out to them with a query letter asking if they'd be interested in reading your story or book.
Yes, there are many great book publishers in the US and around the world. Some of the best publishers are Grand Central Publishing, Random House, and Harper.
different publishers offer different amounts based on the books quality.