Bhagavad Gita was written by Rishi Ved Vyas to keep a record of knowledge of Shrimad Bhagavad Gita given by Shri Krishna Ji to Arjun. The knowledge of Holy Gita Ji was delivered at that time when the battle of Mahabharat was about to happen. Arjun had refused to fight.
To know the answer we need to know Why was the battle taking place? This battle cannot even be given the title of a religious battle (crusade) because it was a matter of division of wealth between two families. The division of property of Kauravs and Pandavs was not happening. Kauravs had even refused to give half of the kingdom to the Pandavs. God Shri Krishna Ji went thrice as a peace-messenger to intervene between the two sides. But both the sides were unrelentingly adamant. Shri Krishna Ji also warned them of the catastrophic aftermaths of the war that who knows how many sisters will become widows and how many children will be orphaned. You will not gain anything, but heinous sin. No one knows who will die and who will live in the battle? When the third time Shri Krishna Ji went for negotiation, both the sides showed the list of all the kings along with their armies on their sides, and said that these many kings are in our favour and these in ours. Despite all the efforts of Shri Krishna Ji the battle took place.
At the time of war Arjun refused to fight. Arjun said, "Oh Devkinandan, I do not want to fight. Foreseeing the destruction of the near and dear ones, relatives and of soldiers,
standing in front of me, I have firmly decided that even if I get the kingdom of the three loks, I will not fight. Rather I wish that Duryodhan and others may kill, the unarmed me, with arrows, so that my death can prevent the destruction resulting from the war. Oh Shri Krishna! I consider subsisting by eating begged food, better than fighting. Oh Krishna! By killing near and dear ones, we will only incur sin. My mind has stopped working. You are our Guru; I am your disciple. Suggest me whatever is in our favour. But I do not believe that any suggestion of yours will be able to persuade me to fight. In other words, I will not fight." (Evidence -- Holy Gita Ji, Adhyay 1 Shlok 31 to 39, 46, and Adhyay 2 Shlok 5 to 8.)
Then to cause terrible destruction Kaal, entered in Shri Krishna Ji's body and repeatedly said, "Arjun, don't be a coward, fight! Either you will die in war and go to heaven, or will win the war and rule the Earth." By saying all this, Kaal (Brahm) caused terrible destruction.
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So far, I have found that the Bhagavad Gita may have been written sometime from 500 BCE to 200 BCE.
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