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The Catholic was established in the New Testament. While they have different names based on the city were they were located, they were undivided in the faith. The church shared one faith, one baptism, and common dogmas.

Catholic Answer Please understand that the Catholic Church wrote and put together the New Testament, the Catholic Church came first, the New Testament was written in the two generations following Our Blessed Lord's Ascension, and was not put together until the end of the fourth century by the Catholic Church. The only Church was establish by Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit on Peter and Jesus guaranteed that He would be with it until the end of time. He guaranteed that It would be One. So although we can look at the tragedy of Christianity splitting into so many "denominations" starting with the Eastern Schism in the 11th century, we can not say that the Church split into two churches. That would not be possible, as Jesus Christ established His Church and guaranteed that it would be One. To say that there are various denominations of the Church is to not take God seriously and to pervert what He actually said.

The Catholic faith emanated from God from the beginning of time, and was established on earth definitively from the side of Christ on the cross when He side was pierced by a spear. Then it was shown to the world at Pentecost with the coming of the Holy Spirit.

from The Catechism of the Catholic Church, second edition, English translation 1994

759 "The eternal Father, in accordance with the utterly gratuitous and mysterious design of his wisdom and goodness, created the whole universe and chose to raise up men to share his own divine life." (Lumen gentium 2) to which he calls all men in his Son. "The Father . . . determined to call together in a holy Church those who should believe in Christ." (Lumen gentium 2) This "family of God" is gradually formed and takes shape during the stages of human history, in keeping with the Father's plan. In fact, "already present in figure at the beginning of the world, this Church was prepared in marvelous fashion in the history of the people of Israel and the old Alliance. Established in this last age of the world and made manifest in the outpouring of the Spirit, it will be brought to glorious completion at the end of time. (Lumen gentium 2)

766 The Church is born primarily of Christ's total self-giving for our salvation, anticipated in the institution of the Eucharist and fulfilled on the cross. "The origin and growth of the church are symbolized by the blood and water which flowed from the open side of Christ as he slept the sleep of death upon the cross that there came forth the 'wondrous sacrament of the whole Church.'" Sacrosanctum concilium 5) As Eve was formed from the sleeping Adam's side, so the church was born from the pierced heart of Christ hanging dead on the cross. (Cf. St. Ambrose, In Luc. 2, 85-89: J.P. Migne, ed., Patrologia Latina {Paris: 1841-1855} 15, 1666-1668)

767 "When the work which the Father gave the Son to do on earth was accomplished, the Holy Spirit was sent on the day of Pentecost in order that he might continually sanctify the Church." (Lumen gentium 4; cf. Jn 17:4) The "the Church was openly displayed to the crowds and the spread of the gospel among the nations, through preaching, was begun." (Ad gentes 4) As the "convocation" of all men for salvation, the Church in her very nature is missionary, sent by Christ to all the nations to make disciples of them. (Cf. Mt 28:19-20; Ad gentes 2; 5-6)

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Q: What was the first Christian church established after Christ?
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Who established the first church?

Our Lord Jesus Christ, established the Christian church, when he made St Peter the Rock upon which he would build his Church.


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