Those that increase your health, your survival, your ability to have children and of course too many other benefits to name, here. Generally mutations are the key to natural selection. Beneficial mutations that occur allow an organism to survive longer, thus reproduce more, passing this mutated trait down to their offspring.
Mutations are always either unchanging or degenerating; they are never beneficial.
Any mutation that enhances the chance of reproduction is beneficial to an organism.
Which of what?
Chromosomal mutation
A neutral mutation is a mutation that has no effect on the body. It is an alteration in the DNA sequence that is neither beneficial nor detrimental to an organism's ability to survive and procreate.
A mutation that affects the gametes of an organism is called
Scientists have shown that beneficial mutations do occur to produce brand new alleles(variants of genes) that improve an organism's chances of survival in a particular environment
Which of what?
Because the chemicals inside the beneficial burn away the organism.
Well, there is no specific type of mutation that is beneficial. They can be harmful, helpful, or have no effect at all.
Chromosomal mutation
A silent mutation has the least effect on an organism. It is when the codon is changed to the same amino acid.
A neutral mutation is a mutation that has no effect on the body. It is an alteration in the DNA sequence that is neither beneficial nor detrimental to an organism's ability to survive and procreate.
The mutation theory is basically stating that mutation is one of the major factors that cause evolution. The mutation has to be a beneficial mutation, meaning that it has to help the survival of the organism that got the mutation. The mutation causes knew genes and diversity which can spread quickly throughout a population and eventually change the frequency of alleles (causes mutation) Remember the mutation has to be beneficial to the survival of the organism.
A mutation that affects the gametes of an organism is called
Scientists have shown that beneficial mutations do occur to produce brand new alleles(variants of genes) that improve an organism's chances of survival in a particular environment
A silent mutation
Usually mutations have deleterious effects to the organism, but occasionally there are beneficial mutations. Such mutations drive evolution.
Nope, what you're thinking of is actually called an inversion mutation (a type of structural aberration); a chromosomal mutation is simply any sort of mutation that affects an organism's genotype.