What voltage battery are you referring to? An automobile battery is 12 volts and a fully charged auto battery should read 12.6 volts.
4.5v
Automobile battery is 12 volts. If it is fully charged you should actually read 12.6 volts.
12-13 volts DC
when in good working condition an automotive battery should supply between 12.6 and 13.8 volts
lead(IV) oxide, lead, and sulfuric acid.
Yes, a van battery can be used in an automobile, IF if will physically fit in the auto's battery holder tray, is the same voltage, and can be properly secured to prevent falling out of the battery tray.
Some can be, and some are run by electricity. They all run on electricity. But some run on DC battery voltage and some run on AC household voltage. Some can even run on DC or AC voltage. All automobile radios run on DC battery voltage.
Depends on the battery but they are current sources as opposed to voltage sources Standard AA, AAA, C and D batteries all give 1.5 volts each, but rechargeable NiMH batteries are often 1.2 or 1.25 volts.
A short to voltage is when a wire that should not have battery voltage has battery voltage. This would happen if a wire had rubbed through another wire. The other cause would be an electrical component failing and sending voltage down a wire that it shouldn't. NOTE: Shorts to voltage are very uncommon. I specialize in electrical automotive repair, and I can not even recall one time I have seen a short to voltage.
First it would depend upon the type and voltage rating of the battery. If it is a lead acid battery, I would recommend charging it to its recommended voltage and load testing it. A fully charged 12 volt automobile battery should read 12.6 volts. A battery that reads 10.5 volts is completely drained. If the battery is fully charged and only read 10.5 volts it needs to be replaced.
In an automobile the battery voltage is controlled by a regulator unit wired along with the battery. It limits voltage and protects lamps as well as electronic devices from higher voltages obtained when a fresh battery is charged to its full capacity. A battery is usually rated at 12 volts but when charged it may have a voltage of 12.6 to 13.2V. A regulator is also needed during charging by the alternator since at higher RPMs the alternator may deliver voltages in excess of 17 to 18 volts.