CMOS gate circuits have input and output signal specifications that are quite different from TTL. For a CMOS gate operating at a power supply voltage of 5 volts, the acceptable input signal voltages range from 0 volts to 1.5 volts for a "low" logic state, and 3.5 volts to 5 volts for a "high" logic state. "Acceptable" output signal voltages (voltage levels guaranteed by the gate manufacturer over a specified range of load conditions) range from 0 volts to 0.05 volts for a "low" logic state, and 4.95 volts to 5 volts for a "high" logic state:
It should be obvious from these figures that CMOS gate circuits have far greater noise margins than TTL: 1.45 volts for CMOS low-level and high-level margins, versus a maximum of 0.7 volts for TTL. In other words, CMOS circuits can tolerate over twice the amount of superimposed "noise" voltage on their input lines before signal interpretation errors will result.
CMOS noise margins widen even further with higher operating voltages. Unlike TTL, which is restricted to a power supply voltage of 5 volts, CMOS may be powered by voltages as high as 15 volts (some CMOS circuits as high as 18 volts). Shown here are the acceptable "high" and "low" states, for both input and output, of CMOS integrated circuits operating at 10 volts and 15 volts, respectively:
The margins for acceptable "high" and "low" signals may be greater than what is shown in the previous illustrations. What is shown represents "worst-case" input signal performance, based on manufacturer's specifications. In practice, it may be found that a gate circuit will tolerate "high" signals of considerably less voltage and "low" signals of considerably greater voltage than those specified here.
Conversely, the extremely small output margins shown -- guaranteeing output states for "high" and "low" signals to within 0.05 volts of the power supply "rails" -- are optimistic. Such "solid" output voltage levels will be true only for conditions of minimum loading. If the gate is sourcing or sinking substantial current to a load, the output voltage will not be able to maintain these optimum levels, due to internal channel resistance of the gate's final output MOSFETs.
Within the "uncertain" range for any gate input, there will be some point of demarcation dividing the gate's actual "low" input signal range from its actual "high" input signal range. That is, somewhere between the lowest "high" signal voltage level and the highest "low" signal voltage level guaranteed by the gate manufacturer, there is a threshold voltage at which the gate willactuallyswitch its interpretation of a signal from "low" or "high" or vice versa. For most gate circuits, this unspecified voltage is a single point:
5 Volt Is the standard, but any voltage between 3.5 and 5.2 is logic 1 in CMOS and TTL
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A: Am guessing output voltage? In that case the answer will suffice that depends on the load. There is input loading to contend too
it can be either, depending on parts used in the circuit and their connections.
By Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, the sum of the voltage drops around the series circuit will equal the voltage applied to the circuit.
Voltage Rise : The energy added to a circuit. Voltage drop: The energy removed from the circuit.
A voltage error circuit is called an error amplifier and happens when there are discrepancies between the voltage output and the reference voltage. A current error circuit happens when there is a disruption of flow in an ammeter.
There is no particular benefit for having a higher open-circuit (or 'no-load') voltage. In fact, an ideal voltage source would have no internal resistance and, therefore, its open-circuit voltage would be identical to its closed-circuit voltage.
it can be either, depending on parts used in the circuit and their connections.
To modify the input voltage to match the desired output voltage. Say you need 5V to operate TTL technology and you only have a 9V battery. You build an SCC change it from 9V to 5V.
vcc-voltage collector to collector vdd- voltage deran to deran ttl- transister transister logic cmos - complementary metal oxide same conductor
Whwn an IC is connected to a PC, then the voltage levels of these two should be synchronized. For this purpose, the TTL voltage level is converted to RS 232 level. RS 232 is the interface between a PC and an IC.
TTL stands for "transistor-transistor logic" and consists of using BJT's ("bipolar junction transistors") to conduct the logic for the circuit.
By Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, the sum of the voltage drops around the series circuit will equal the voltage applied to the circuit.
Historically, transistor-transistor logic (TTL) voltage levels have been 5.0 volts, with a high being any voltage above about 3.5 volts and a low being any voltage below about 1.5 volts, with lots of variations on the high/low cutoffs from part to part. Since about 2001, however, most processors have been using low-voltage TTL (LVTTL), which has a nominal voltage of 3.3 volts (approx >2.2 volts for high and approx < 1.2 volts for low). Hence, many parts advertised as "TTL" today actually work at 3.3 volts rather than 5.0 volts.
A digital circuit composed of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). Widely used in all variety of electronic applications, especially prior to CMOS circuits becoming popular, TTL superseded the earlier RTL (resistor-transistor) and DTL (diode-transistor) logic designs, which used more power. In TTL, transistors are used to both isolate inputs and perform the logic switching. A "TTL" designation on a circuit input or output indicates a digital circuit rather than analog.Read more: transistor-transistor-logic-electronics
Voltage Rise : The energy added to a circuit. Voltage drop: The energy removed from the circuit.
this is the amount of voltage a circuit can hold.
Voltage is impressed across a circuit. Current flows through a circuit.
The maximum supply voltage per the data sheet is 5.25 volts. This is a common max for TTL type IC's.