Look up the Wikipedia article, "Sirius", for more details. Briefly, it is: the brightest star in the sky (however, some planets, which also look like stars, are brighter); 8.6 light-years away; a double star; one of the components (Sirius B) was the first white dwarf to be discovered.
Yes - Sirius is a blue-white star - the hottest type of star there is.
the dog star is called sirius and is located south west of Orion belts in the southern hemisphere
Sirius is a binary star system Sirius A and Sirius B.The distance separating Sirius A from B varies between 8.1 and 31.5 AU. (See related question).
No. The North Star is Polaris. Sirius is known as the Dog Star.
Yes, Sirius is quite big while Barnard's star is small.
It is not real. Sirius is a two-star system containing only Sirius A and Sirius B.
No. Sirius is the brightest star in Earth's night sky, but how bright a star appears is a product of its actual brightness and its distance from us. Sirius itself is actually two stars with Sirius A emitting the vast majority of the system's light. Sirius A is a fairly large star, but others are much larger.
Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, but the brightest overall is the sun.
No. There is no such thing as an "earth-like star" as Earth is a planet, not a star. Sirius A is a star that is larger and brighter than the sun.
Sirius is not a single star but a binary star system consisting of a white main sequence star and a white dwarf.
No. There is no such thing a a cold star. Sirius consists of two stars, both of which are hotter than the average star.
Yes, Sirius is about twice as massive as our sun, making it a medium mass star. It is quite a bit brighter, however, and is the second brightest star in our sky.