The "latest" OS released by Microsoft is Windows Server 2008. The latest USER operating system is Vista.
Windows 7
The latest Microsoft Operating System is Windows 7.
Windows Server 2008 was released in February 2008. The next operating system release is expected to be Windows 7 in October 2009.
Usually referring to the latest version of Microsoft Windows, sometimes to the latest version of OS X.
If by Microsoft you mean the Windows operating system: The latest general OS is Vista (6.0.6002) The latest server OS is Windows Server 2008 (6.0.6002) The latest (release candidate) for Vista's successor is Windows 7 (6.1.7100)
Patches
Yes it does. Microsoft releases version for Windows and Mac OS X operating systems. While for Unix and Linux there is open source alternative called Moonlight. It is not fully compatible with latest version of Microsoft released Silverlight.
the first OS was made by Microsoft called MS-DOS, released in July of 1981.
The latest version of Symbian OS is Nokia Belle and was released in August of 2011. It will be the last version as it was announced that Symbian would no longer be making smartphone technology.
windows vista
The latest released version of Android is 4.4.4