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Disk allows for writing and reading any part of the disk at any time. This allows us to be playing games, Surfing the web, and listening to music all at the same time. If we were to do this on tape, we would be able to only access the things in order they were on the tape, or we would have to wait while it scans the tape for our music, looking for empty space so we could download that latest patch.

Tape is a great way to backup your data because it's pretty cheep and easily stored and moved, but its only real use is bulk reading and writing (batch processing) of large amounts of data and other similar processes.

Disks are prone to mechanical failure, but allow for reading and writing files much easier and quicker but for a cost.

Tape is still widely used in a cooperate setting for off-site backups and for internal backups as accessing time while looking for a file to recover are not a concern where getting the file for your presentation in 5 minutes needs to be instant.

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Q: What is the difference between a disk and a tape?
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