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- The functioning of UNIX operating system is handled in three levels. At the heart of UNIX is the kernel, which interact with actual hardware. Kernel is the fundamental part(core) of the OS. That resides in main memory at all times. On the outer crust are the application packages and user programs. The dilled layer is the shell which acts as a mediator that translates the commands given by the application programs in the outer later and conveys them to the kernel layer. The kernel then executes these commands using the inner hardware.

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Q: What is the architecture of Unix?
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Which layer in unix architecture is programmable?

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In order to legally be called a "Unix" system, operating systems must undergo a rigorous and expensive certification procedure. "Unix-like" refers to systems that have an architecture similar to Unix, but have not undergone certification.


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