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What do intrusions and extrusions do?

Updated: 8/10/2023
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13y ago

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Extrusive rocks are... extruded... onto the surface as the lava that we all think of. It cools fairly quickly, into rocks with fairly small crystals (might need a magnifying lens to see them). The exact chemistry of the parent magma will determine the type of rock. Oceanic volcanoes are generally basaltic (mafic or ultramafic), continental are generally granitic (felsic or intermediate). They're put down in "relatively thin" layers.

Intrusive rocks cool for thousands of years beneath the surface in huge plutons or batholyths. This allows them to grow very large crystals (easily seen by the unaided eye). These intrusive rocks are almost always granitic-type rock.

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12y ago
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An extrusion is the forcing out of one material from another. An intrusion is the opposite where one material is forced into / inside or in between another.

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intrusion - intrusion is when magma cools down inside Earth.

extrusion - extrusion is when lava cools down on Earth.

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Q: What do intrusions and extrusions do?
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How reliable is fossil evidence?

The answer depends on how the word 'reliable' is interpreted in the question:(1) Is the fossil evidence 'reliable' in interpreting the history of life on Earth?Fossil evidence IS our understanding of the history of life. Fossils on which this understanding is based include skeletons, roots, leaves, bark, chemical signatures, imprints, carbon residues, burrowing and trail marks, petrified wood, footprints, eggs, gastric stones, fecal matter, and many others, found preserved mainly in stone, but sometimes in ice. There are many ways that fossils can be formed. They include freezing, carbonization, petrification, mineral replacement, unaltered preservation,recrystallization, andauthigenicpreservation.The fossil record of life recorded in rock is full of periods of intense diversification, appearances of new lifeforms, and extinction events that affected large percentages of the biota on a worldwide scale.(2) Are the modern methods used to determine the age of the fossil 'reliable'?Radiometric dating of rock involves the measurement of the amount of decay in radioactive elements which are present in the rock. Radioactive elements decay at unique rates, depending on the isotope. This rate of decay is known as half-lives; it is the time necessary for ½ of the atoms to decay in a particular element. The decay follows a geometric scale, in that in the first half-life of an element, ½ of the atoms decay, yet in the second half-life, ½ of those remaining decay and so forth. By measuring this decay, and knowing the half life of an element, scientists can date a sample. Radiometric dating is particularly useful in dating igneous and metamorphic rock, but not so much for sedimentary rocks and fossils.Because of geologic events such as plate tectonics and volcanism, suitable material for radiometric dating, such as volcanic tuff, solidified lava, and igneous intrusions have been found as layers on, in, and cut through layers of sedimentary rock and fossils. Intrusions are always younger than the rock body they penetrate, meaning that the sedimentary rock in which intrusions are found will be older than a radiometrically dated sample of the intrusion. Lava flows and volcanic ash which form layers in rock will be younger than the rock below and older than the rock above. The solidified intrusions and lava flows can be dated with radiometric techniques.The radiometric dating of suitable rocks (i.e. igneous or metamorphic) in proximity to their sedimentary counterparts, therefore allows the sedimentary rock to be dated as well. Radiometric dating techniques are constantly being refined and improved with a resulting increase in accuracy and date range.Scientific inquiry and the scientific method have contributed greatly to our lives in the fields of electronics, physics, engineering, chemistry, manufacturing, and medicine. This same scientific method is being used in genetics and Earth sciences to broaden our knowledge and understanding of Earth's history, including the origin and evolution of life.


Related questions

How are faults intrusions and extrusions similar?

by looking at it


What do scientist use igneous intrusions and extrusions for?

they use it for finding new thing


How do scientists date sedimentary rock?

They date the igneous intrusions and extrusions near the sedimentary rock layers.


Why arent fossils found in extrusions and intrusions?

Because extrusion and intrusions are melted magma that hasn't reached the earth's surface and the hot magma can't just pick up fossils that are already in place.


What evidence would a scientists use to determine the absolute age of a fossil found in sedimentary rock?

The Igneous intrusions and extrusions near sedimentary layers.


Intrusions of the igneous rock are younger or older than the rock layers beneath and surrounding them?

they are younger and extrusions are older. they are younger because the surrounding rock layers had to have been there first in order for it to appear. :)


What are three types of clues to the relative age of rock layers other than the law of superposition?

To determine relative age, geologists also study extrusions and intrusions of igneous rock, faults, gaps in the geologic record, and inclusions.


Can I decide the thickness of the wall when using custom aluminum extrusions?

Aluminum, plastic, and copper are most suitable for extrusions. Thickness can be determined with aluminum extrusions.


What is the definition of extrusions?

extruszion


Where are extrusions found?

where are egneos rocks found


What do extrusions look like?

it look like a magam


What are aluminum extrusions used for?

Aluminum extrusions are used to turn aluminum alloy into other materials for cross sectional profiles. It is extracted from other metals containing aluminum and squeezed out.