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3. antibodies against usually harmless antigens
There are four types of antibodies that aid in immunity. The Lysins bind the antigens therefore causing them to disintegrate. The Agglutinins bind the antigens causing the micro-organisms to clump together. The Antitoxins bind the toxins therefore making them harmless to the body. The Opsonins bind the antigens on the outer surface.
A harmless pathogen can be injected into your body so that the bodies defence system will learn to recognise the antigens (harmful protein located on surface of pathogen) and to fight it easily the next time having remembered the antibodies it had to produce. and sorry if this is a little confusing.
No. Many organisms are harmless, and the body will produce antibodies since the organisms are seen as foreign. Many pathogens (harmful organisms) may not cause significant disease in many people. An example would be the poliovirus - in some people it causes paralysis; in others it causes minor illness, in others it causes no symptoms. In all cases, the person develops antibodies. Vaccination exposes the person to the antigens without the pathogen being present, and so antibodies are formed before the exposure, and this process does not result in illness.
T cells will first have to be activated by peptide presentation on MHC class II and differentiate into T helper 2 cell and T helper 2 cell will secrete cytokines IL-4, IL-5 to help B cell differentiate into a plasma cell.
-the principle of antigen-antibody reaction is a process of the immune system in which immunoglobulin-coated B cells recognize a specific antigen and stimulate antibody production. T cells also play an essential role in the reaction. An antigen-antibody reaction begins with the binding of antigens to antibodies to form antigen-antibody complexes. These complexes may render toxic antigens harmless (neutralization), agglutinize antigens on the surface of microorganisms, or activate the complement system by exposing the complement binding sites on antibodies. Certain complement protein molecules immediately bind to these sites and trigger the activity of the other complement protein molecules, which cause antigen-bearing cells to lyse. Antigen-antibody reactions may start immediately with antigen contact or as much as 48 hours later. They normally produce immunity but may also be responsible for allergy, autoimmunity, and fetomaternal hematologic incompatibility. In the immediate allergic response, the antigen-antibody reaction activates certain enzymes and causes an imbalance between those enzymes and their inhibitors
When a mutation does not change the result of a normal production of a protein is called harmless. This is because it does no harm to the individual.
your immune system may stick antibodies all over it or heat kill. Happy Days
Allergies develop when the body overreacts to an antigen.
There is nothing like killed disease. You have the killed microorganisms. These killed microorganisms are injected to the person. That gives rise to formation of the antibodies. These antibodies protect the person from the attack of the live microorganism.
Synesthesia is not a symptom of anything, simply a harmless condition of the brain that people are born with.
Giberts Syndrome is a inherited liver condition where the liver does not process bilirubin properly. It is normally a rather harmless condition and does not need treatment.