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What causes a population to diminish size?

Updated: 8/20/2019
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11y ago

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If you're talking about HUMAN populations then generally it's increased death rates, reduced fertility, net migration or a combination thereof.

Examples:

Reduced Fertility: Due to falling birth rates the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research predicts the Japanese population will shrink a third by 2060.

Increased Death Rates: The Black Death (14th century plague) is estimated to have killed 30-60 percent of Europe's population.

Net Migration: From 1851-1911 the Irish population fell from 6.5-4.4m, largely as a result of over 4 million of it's people emigrating in that time scale.

If you're talking about ANIMALS then population levels can be affected by diseases, increases in predator/competitor numbers, decreases in prey numbers, changes to climate (including harsh winters or severe droughts etc), changes to environment (including pollution and reduced habitat) and human activities such as hunting or even extermination programmes.

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