These days they can gather lots of different data in the atmosphere. There can take profiles of the temperature, humidity, optical thickness of the atmosphere...they can look at clouds, look inside them, measure every type of particle size in clouds and in the air, they can measure precipitation and precipitation rates, wind direction and speed....they're far from perfect, but they can measure most variables in the atmosphere and ocean surface.
Weather balloons and satellites
they use satellites and barometers and thermometers
Satellites collect and send raw data to ground stations for computers to process and use complex computer models to predict future weather patterns.
They are not affected by conditions on the ground. Ground-based stations could be destroyed by severe weather (such as tornadoes or hurricanes). Satellites don't get affected by Earth's weather. Of course - satellites are at risk of meteor strike and solar radiation - but there's less chance of them being damaged.
Station models, are technically called forecast models. There are many different types of these models which meteorologists use to predict the weather. These models show the likely chance of, for example, temperature being above 90. They are all used to forecast the weather anywhere form 6 hours to 10 days in the future.
receiving stations
ground truthing
From balloons, satellites, ships, and weather stations.
Weather balloons and satellites
scientists gather weather data from high in the sky using weather satellites
Satellites take pictures and accumulate other information into the computer. They analyze the data and send it back to weather stations on earth.
Weather balloons and satellites
puppies
The weather service uses sophisticated computer modelling as well as radiosonde data. They also gather data from weather stations, weather radar, satellites and statistical data.
They use satellites to gather many different types of data relating to weather systems. This can tell them which direction storms are moving - so they can warn people to be prepared, or how big a hurricane is becoming..
Satellites and space stations are used for navigation, collecting weather data, and research.
they use satellites and barometers and thermometers