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What are letters of credit?

Updated: 9/22/2023
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11y ago

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A letter of credit is basically a promise to pay a certain sum of money to a seller. Letters of credit are issued by banks to see that sellers are paid as long as they deliver the goods or services required by the buyer.

A letter of credit is thus a document issued by a buyer's bank to a seller of goods or services, to whom the payment is guaranteed, provided the seller delivers the goods or services required by a third-party buyer. The issuer after making the payment to the seller, collects the amount from the buyer. The document acts essentially as a guarantee to the seller that it will be paid by the issuer of the letter of credit, regardless of whether the buyer ultimately pays or not. Thus, the risk that the buyer may fail to pay the money is transferred from the seller to the letter of credit's issuer- namely, the bank.

Letters of credit are common in international trade for large transactions between a supplier in one country and a buyer in Another Country because the bank acts as an neutral party between the buyer and the seller.

The International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits is followed (UCP 600 being the latest version) while issuing a LC.

The parties to a letter of credit are the supplier, usually called the beneficiary, the issuing bank, of whom the buyer is a client and in some cases an advising bank where the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be amended or canceled without the consent of the beneficiary, issuing bank, and confirming bank, if any. In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common togiros and travelers's cheques.

M.J.SUBRAMANYAM, XCHANGING TECHNOLOGY SERVICES, BANGALORE

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