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Fibroadenomas are benign breast tumors commonly found in young women. Fibroadenoma means "a tumor composed of glandular (related to gland) and fibrous (containing fibers) tissues."
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What are the symptoms of fibroadenomas?
Fibroadenomas usually cause no symptoms and may be discovered during breast self-examination, or during a routine check-up.
What is the treatment for fibroadenomas?
Breast fibroadenomas are removed by lumpectomy, or surgical excision under local or general anesthesia. Sometimes lumps in younger women are not removed but are monitored.
Who gets fibroadenomas?
Breast fibroadenomas, abnormal growths of glandular and fibrous tissues, are most common between the ages of 15 and 30, and are found in 10% of all women (20% of African-American women).
What causes fibroadenomas?
The cause of breast fibroadenomas is unknown. They may be dependent upon estrogen, because they are common in premenopausal women, can be found in postmenopausal women taking estrogen, and because they grow larger in pregnant women.
What is fibroadenomas?
A fibroadenoma is one of the most common tumors in breasts, especially in women under 30. It is not caused by cancer so it does not have to be removed.
What causes fibroadenomas and if a person has a recurrence after one year after surgery does this indicate cancer?
The cause is unknown, but luckily they're harmless and do not indicate or cause cancer in any way.Sometimes changes in hormones can trigger them, and one thing that messes with hormones is caffeine, so often they'll tell you to cut back on that and see if it goes away. Vitamin E pills also are supposed to help.But they aren't harmful at all. The worst thing they can do is stress you out and maybe feel tender.
Fibroadenoma - breast?
DefinitionFibroadenoma of the breast is a benign (noncancerous) tumor.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsFibroadenoma is the most common benign tumor of the breast and the most common breast tumor in women under age 30. Fibroadenomas are usually found as single lumps, but about 10 - 15% of women have several lumps that may affect both breasts.Black women tend to develop fibroadenomas more often and at an earlier age than white women. The cause of fibroadenoma is not known.SymptomsLumps may be:FirmMoveablePainlessRubberyThey should have smooth, well-defined borders. They may grow in size, especially during pregnancy. Fibroadenomas often get smaller after menopause (if a woman is not taking hormone replacement therapy).Signs and testsAfter a careful physical examination, one or both of the following tests are usually done to determine further information:Breast ultrasoundMammogramA biopsy is needed to get a definite diagnosis. Core needle biopsy is most often performed. For more information on the different types of breast biopsies see:Breast biopsy - sterotacticBreast biopsy - ultrasound (core needle)Breast biopsy - openNote: Women in their teens or early 20s may not need a biopsy if the lump goes away on its own.TreatmentA biopsy is needed to get a definite diagnosis. Women in their teens or early 20s may not need a biopsy if the lump goes away on its own.If a biopsy indicates that the lump is a fibroadenoma, the lump may be left in place or removed, depending on the patient and the lump. If left in place, it may be watched over time with:MammogramsPhysical examinationsUltrasoundsThe lump may be surgically removed. The decision depends on the features of the lump and the patient's preferences.Alternative treatments include removing the lump with a needle and destroying the lump without removing it (such as by freezing, in a process called cryoablation).Expectations (prognosis)The outlook is excellent, although patients with fibroadenoma have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer later in life. Lumps that are not removed should be checked regularly by physical exams and imaging tests, following the doctor's recommendations.ComplicationsIf the lump is left in place and carefully watched, it may need to be removed at a later time if it changes, grows, or doesn't go away.In very rare cases, the lump may be cancerous and you may need further treatment.Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if:You have a lump and it changesYou feel a new breast lumpYou have changes in the breast that are not affected by the menstrual cyclePerform regular breast self-exams and undergo breast screening as recommended by your health care provider.ReferencesIglehart JK, Smith BL. Diseases of the breast. In: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 34.Valea FA, Katz VL. Breast diseases: diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant disease. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:chap 15.
What is a hypoechoic nodule in the breast area?
Breast cancer on ultrasound most often shows up as a solid mass, but not all solid masses are cancerous. In fact, the most common solid mass seen is a benign breast tumor (not cancer) called a fibroadenoma. Fibroadenomas are smooth, firm, round masses made up of fibrous and glandular tissue. These fibrous masses can be removed, if desired, but removal is usually not necessary. On ultrasound, a solid mass appears as a gray or hypoechoic area. In order to decide if the mass is suspicious enough to require further testing, your radiologist will look at the edges of the mass, called the margins. If the margins are smooth and the mass is round or oval, it is most likely benign (not cancer). If the edges are irregular, then it is possibly cancer and a biopsy is necessary to determine if cancer cells are present.
Pain in Breast: When to Call the Doctor?
Breast pain is one of the most common complaints women talk to their doctors about. Pain in breasts, also known as mastalgia, is a common pain that can either be cyclical in nature or non-cyclical. It can range in severity from very mild to very painful. Some pains may be localized while other pain may encompass the entire breast and radiate outward to other areas like the armpit. While pain in breasts is common and usually harmless, there are certain times when you will want to contact your doctor for a thorough examination. Cyclical pain in breast tissue is among the most common types of pain in this region. This is pain that comes in monthly cycles according to a woman's menstrual cycle. Hormonal fluctuations cause this pain, and often it is accompanied by swelling and an overall feeling of fullness. Weight and stress do affect hormones, so some women may find that working to maintain a healthy weight and making efforts to reduce stress can help to ease at least some of the pain associated with monthly hormonal changes. There are other types of pain that may be felt in the breast tissue as well. Most often, these are caused by cysts, fibroadenomas, or fibroids. These may be localized in nature, and may affect one or both breasts. Sometimes a lump may be felt in the area of localized pain. You may find that the pain and tenderness with these causes is cyclical in nature, but this is not always the cause. Hormones can also affect the severity of this type of pain. In addition to promoting weight and stress management, other treatments like over-the-counter pain medication may help to relieve the pain. There are times when you will want to contact the doctor to discuss pain in your breasts. These include when pain is associated with bleeding or discharge from the nipples, if there is an area of warmth or redness on the breasts, or if the pain is unusual in nature and is not associated with your menstrual cycles. Many women immediately worry about the possibility of breast cancer when they find a painful area or notice a painful lump. Most, but not all, breast pain is not breast cancer. However, your doctor may want to do a full exam and order tests such as a mammogram to rule out serious causes of your pain.
Breast ultrasound?
DefinitionBreast ultrasound uses sound waves that cannot be heard by humans to look at the breast.Alternative NamesUltrasonography of the breast; Sonogram of the breastHow the test is performedYou will be asked to undress from the waist up and put on a medical gown. During the test, you will lie on your back on the examining table.A water-soluble gel is placed on the skin of the breast. A hand-held device (transducer) directs the sound waves to the breast tissue. The transducer is moved over the skin of the breast to create a picture that can be seen on a screen.Breast ultrasound may also be used to guide a needle during a breast biopsy.How to prepare for the testBecause you need to remove your clothing from the waist up, it may be helpful to wear a two-piece outfit. On the day of the test, do not use any lotions or powders on your breasts or wear deodorant under your arms.How the test will feelThe number of people involved in the test will be limited to protect your privacy.You will be asked to raise your arms above your head and turn to the left or right as needed.There is no discomfort from the ultrasound.Why the test is performedCommon uses of ultrasound are:In addition to a mammogram or physical exam, if something abnormal is found. If a mammogram shows a growth, ultrasound can help determine whether it is a solid mass or a cyst.By itself, to check a breast lump or nipple dischargeNormal ValuesNormal breast tissue.Normally, the breast tissue will be uniform and will not have any suspicious growths.What abnormal results meanUltrasound can help show noncancerous growths such as cysts, fibroadenomas, or lipomas. A cyst is a fluid-filled sac. A fibroadenoma is a noncancerous solid growth. Lipomas are noncancerous fatty lumps that can occur anywhere in the body, including the breasts.Breast cancers can also be seen with ultrasound.What the risks areThere are no risks associated with breast ultrasound. There is no radiation exposure.ReferencesKim CH, Bassett LW. Imaging-guided core needle biopsy of the breast. In: Bassett LW, Jackson VP, Fu KL, Fu YS, eds. Diagnosis of Diseases of the Breast. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2005:chap 17.
O que é um Adenoma tubular com atipias citoarquiteturais discretas?
(Os termos conjugados e complexos de alterações morfológicas em doenças de vários tipos, só podem ser devidamente esclarecidos com livros especializados de medicina. Como abaixo, (o que pude encontrar na Wikipedia) fala em adenoma tubular ( na área renal), é a única resposta possível à sua pergunta. Só mesmo um urologista poderia lhe dar uma resposta com certeza. Essa parte está em negrito e com caracteres um pouco maior, logo abaixo.AdenomaUm adenoma é uma coleção de crescimentos (-oma) de origem glandular. Os adenomas podem crescer de muitos órgãos inclusive o cólon, adrenal, hipófise, tiróide, etc. Estes crescimentos são benignos, embora com o passar do tempo eles podem progredir e ficar malignos. Nesse estágio, eles são chamados adenocarcinomas. Embora os adenomas sejam benignos, eles têm o potencial para causar complicações de saúde sérias comprimindo outras estruturas (efeito de massa) e produzindo quantias grandes de hormônios de uma maneira desregulada (síndrome paraneoplástica).HistopatologiaAdenoma é um tumor de tecido epitelial benigno que surge no epitélio da mucosa (estômago, intestino delgado, e intestino grosso), glândulas (endócrinas e exócrinas), e tubos. Em órgãos ocos (área digestiva), o adenoma cresce acima no lúmen. Dependendo do tipo da base de inserção, o adenoma pode ser lobular de pedunculatado e encabeça com um talo esbelto longo, coberto pela mucosa normal ou sessile (base larga). LocaisCólonAdenomas do cólon são bastante prevalecentes. Eles são achados comumente na colonoscopia. Eles são removidos por causa da tendência de ficarem malignos e conduzirem a um câncer de cólon. RenalEste é um tumor que é freqüentemente pequeno e assimtomático, e se derivou dos túbulos renais. Pode ser uma lesão de precursor a carcinoma renal.AdrenalAdenomas adrenais são comuns, e são achados freqüentemente no abdômen, normalmente não como o foco de investigação; eles são achados normalmente incidentalmente. Aproximadamente um em 10 000 é maligno. Assim, uma biópsia raramente é pedida, especialmente se a lesão for homogênea e menor que 3 centímetros. Imagens de seguimento em três a seis meses podem confirmar a estabilidade do crescimento. Enquanto algum adenomas adrenais não secretam hormônios, alguns secretam cortisol, causando síndrome de Cushing, aldosterona que causa a síndrome de Conn, ou andrógeno que causam hiperandrogenismo.TiróideSão achados nódulos tiróides solitários em aproximadamente uma em 10 pessoas. A investigação é necessária porque uma percentagem pequena destes é maligna. Biópsia normalmente confirma o crescimento para ser um adenoma, mas, às vezes, a remoção na cirurgia é necessária, especialmente quando as células achadas na biópsia forem do tipo folicular. HipófiseSão vistos adenomas na hipófise comumente em 10% dos pacientes neurológicos. Muito deles permanecem sem diagnóstico. O tratamento é normalmente cirúrgico para qual os pacientes geralmente respondem bem. O subtipo mais comum, prolactinoma, é visto mais freqüentemente em mulheres, e comumente é diagnosticado durante gravidez pois a progesterona aumenta seu crescimento. Bromocriptina] de terapia médica geralmente suprime prolactinomas; terapia de antagonista de progesterona não provou ter êxito. FígadoAdenoma Hepatocelular, adenomas hepáticos são tumores benignos e raros do fígado que podem apresentar hepatomegalia ou outros sintomas. MamaSão chamados de fibroadenomas. Eles são freqüentemente muito pequenos e difíceis descobrir. Freqüentemente não há nenhum sintoma. Tratamentos podem incluir uma biópsia de agulha, remoção ou ambos. O fibroadenomaé o tumor benigno mais comum da mama feminina e ocorre durante a idade fértil. É composto por estroma fibroso e glândulas. Alguns fibroadenomas correspondem a hiperplasias, mas muitos são neoplasias benignas verdadeiras, originadas no estroma intralobular da mama. Nestes casos, as células da parte conjuntiva do tumor são monoclonais, as da parte epitelial são policlonais. Isto indica que estas últimas não são propriamente neoplásicas, mas proliferam em resposta a estímulos químicos secretados pelas células do estroma. (Durante muito tempo se pensou que o fibroadenoma era um tumor misto com duas linhagens de células neoplásicas; hoje isto não é mais aceito).O tumor forma um nódulo bem delimitado do tecido mamário adjacente, notando-se uma delicada cápsula fibrosa. Na microscopia, o componente epitelial forma túbulos ramificados e dilatados, em meio ao estroma. Comparar com o tecido mamário vizinho, onde as glândulas se organizam em lóbulos, o que não ocorre no fibroadenoma. No fibroadenoma, o estroma é frouxo, composto por células estreladas separadas por material intersticial levemente basófilo. O aspecto lembra o do estroma intralobular do lóbulo mamário normal, onde o tumor se origina. No componente epitelial do fibroadenoma pode-se observar a dupla população celular (células epiteliais e mioepiteliais) como no tecido mamário normal. As células epiteliais secretam o leite (nos lóbulos) ou o conduzem (nos ductos). As células mioepiteliais são contráteis, ajudando a extrusão do produto. A dupla população é um importante elemento a favor da benignidade do tumor, pois mostra que as células se diferenciam em dois tipos topograficamente relacionados entre si. Num tumor maligno as células tendem a ser indiferenciadas, isto é anárquicas, sem relações topográficas ou funcionais definidas umas com as outras. Ver a este respeito a lâmina de carcinoma da mamaApêndiceAdenomas também podem aparecer no apêndice. A condição é extremamente rara, e a maioria dos médicos nunca encontrará um caso, mas eles acontecem. A versão mais comum é chamada cistadenoma. Eles normalmente são descobertos no curso de exame do tecido que segue um apendicectomia. Se o apêndice rompeu e um tumor está presente, isto apresenta desafios, especialmente se células malignas forem formadas e esparramarem-se ao abdômen.
Breast lump?
DefinitionA breast lump is a swelling, protuberance, or lump in the breast. Alternative NamesBreast massConsiderationsNormal breast tissue is present in both males and females of all ages. This tissue responds to hormonal changes and, therefore, certain lumps can come and go.Breast lumps may appear at all ages:Infants may have breast lumps related to estrogen from the mother. The lump generally goes away on its own as the estrogen clears from the baby's body. It can happen to boys and girls.Young girls often develop "breast buds" that appear just before the beginning of puberty. These bumps may be tender. They are common around age 9, but may happen as early as age 6.Teenage boys may develop breast enlargement and lumps because of hormonal changes in mid-puberty. Although this may distress the teen, the lumps or enlargement generally go away on their own over a period of months.Breast lumps in an adult woman raise concern for breast cancer, even though most lumps turn out to be not cancerous.Common CausesLumps in a woman are often caused by fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas, and cysts.Fibrocystic changes can occur in either or both breasts. These changes are common in women (especially during the reproductive years), and are considered a normal variation of breast tissue. Having fibrocystic breasts does not increase your risk for breast cancer. It does, however, make it more difficult to interpret lumps that you or your doctor find on exam. Many women feel tenderness in addition to the lumps and bumps associated with fibrocystic breasts.Fibroadenomasare noncancerous lumps that feel rubbery and are easily moveable within the breast tissue. Like fibrocystic changes, they occur most often during the reproductive years. Usually, they are not tender and, except in rare cases, do not become cancerous later. A doctor may feel fairly certain from an exam that a particular lump is a fibroadenoma. The only way to be sure, however, is to remove or biopsy it.Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that often feel like soft grapes. These can sometimes be tender, especially just before your menstrual period. Cysts may be drained in the doctor's office. If the fluid removed is clear or greenish, and the lump disappears completely after it is drained, no further treatment is needed. If the fluid is bloody, it is sent to the lab to look for cancer cells. If the lump doesn't disappear, or recurs, it is usually removed surgically.Other causes of breast lumps include:Milk cysts (sacs filled with milk) and infections (mastitis), which may turn into an abscess. These typically occur if you are breastfeeding or have recently given birth.Breast cancer, found on mammogramor ultrasound, then a biopsy. Men also can get breast cancer.Injury -- sometimes if your breast is badly bruised, there will be a collection of blood that feels like a lump. These lumps tend to get better on their own in a matter of days or weeks. If not, your doctor may have to drain the blood.Lipoma -- a collection of fatty tissue.Intraductal papilloma -- a small growth inside a milk duct of the breast. This often occurs near the areola, the colored part of the breast surrounding the nipple, in women ages 35-55. It is harmless and often cannot be felt. In some cases the only symptom is a watery, pink discharge from the nipple. Since a watery or bloody discharge can also be a sign of breast cancer, your doctor should check this.Home CareFor fibrocystic changes, birth control pills are often helpful. Other women are helped by:Avoiding caffeine and chocolateLimiting fat and increasing fiber in the dietTaking vitamin E, vitamin B complex, or evening primrose oil supplementsCall your health care provider ifCall your doctor if:The skin on your breast appears dimpled or wrinkled (like the peel of an orange)You find a new breast lump during your monthly self-examYou have bruising on your breast, but did not experience any injuryYou have nipple discharge, especially if it is bloody or pinkish (blood-tinged)Your nipple is inverted (turned inward) but normally is not invertedAlso call if:You are a woman, age 20 or older, and want guidance on how to perform a breast self-examinationYou are a woman over age 40 and have not had a mammogram in the past yearWhat to expect at your health care provider's officeYour doctor will get a complete history from you, with special attention to factors that may increase your risk of breast cancer. The health care provider will perform a thorough breast examination. If you don't know how to perform breast self-examination, ask your health care provider to teach you the proper method.Medical history questions regarding breast lumps include:When and how did you first notice the lump?Do you have other symptoms such as pain, nipple discharge, or fever?Where is the lump located?Do you do breast self-exams, and is this lump a recent change?Have you had any type of injury to your breast?Are you taking any hormones, medications, or supplements?Tests that may be performed include:Biopsy of the lumpMammogramMRINeedle aspiration of a cyst and examination of the fluid under a microscopeStudy of nipple discharge under a microscopeUltrasound to see if the lump is solid or a cystTreatment of a breast lump depends on the cause. Solid breast lumps are often removed surgically. Cysts can be drained. Breast infections require antibiotics. If breast cancer is diagnosed, most women receive surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy. Discuss these options carefully and thoroughly with your doctor.If you have a family history of breast cancer, your doctor may also suggest testing for genes that make you more likely to get breast cancer.PreventionBreast cancer screening is an important way to find breast cancer early, when it is most easily treated and cured.Get regular mammograms.If you are over age 20, consider doing a monthly breast self-exam (See: Breast self exam)If you are over age 20, have a complete breast exam by your provider at least every 3 years -- every year if you are over 40.Having fibrocystic breast tissue, mastitis, or breast tenderness related to PMS does NOT put you at greater risk for breast cancer. Having fibrocystic breasts does, however, make your self-exam more confusing, because there are many normal lumps and bumps.To prevent breast cancer:Exercise regularlyReduce fat intakeEat lots of fruits, vegetables, and other high fiber foodsDo not drink more than 1 or 1 1/2 glasses of alcohol a dayReferencesSaslow D, Boetes C, Burke W, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57(2):75-89.Marchant DJ. Benign breast disease. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2002;29(1):1-20.Klein S. Evaluation of palpable breast masses. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71(9):1731-1738.
