The POGO VTOL, the Tailsitter, the Convair XFY, and Lockheed XFV, to name a few.
Ans 2 - All of those were experimental. -Popular working aircraft that used contra rotating props were the British Fairey Gannet, Westland Wyvern , Supermarine Seafire and Avro Shackleton.
To counteract the the right hand tourque produced by the clockwise rotating engine
Counter-propellers (proper name contra-rotating propellers) work by spinning in opposite directions. This cancels out torque in the same way as a helicopter uses rotors to cancel torque.
8. Mounted in pairs to drive four contra-rotating propellers.
Counter rotating blades on a helicopter are used to replace the traditional tail rotor found on most aircraft. Because the blades oppose each other (and therefore cancel out the torque created by the other blade) a tail rotor is not necessary. This allows all of the engine's power to be used for lift rather than powering the additional rotor.
It all depends on the designer. Most propellers rotate clockwise, probably boiling down to history when props had to be started by hand and a right hand stance was the preferred method. However, technology has advanced, and many aircraft have contra rotating propellers like the P51, TU-95 and AN-70. While, counter rotating propellers, first used on twin engined airplanes, like the P-38, and the gigantic multi engined ME-323, are going to be available on the new A400M - as this reduces yaw - a common problem with "standard" multi prop planes.
The Lockheed P-38 Lighting had supercharged 12-cylinder Allison engines fitted with counter-rotating propellers to eliminate the effect of torque. These were left and right hand engines and maintenance was more difficult because a left engine could not be used in place of a right engine.
No. Gliders, jets and rocket-propelled aircraft do not have propellers.
Aircraft propellers
For an aircraft to stay aloft, the an air current has to move over the wings in a specific way. The propellers generate the air current and direct it in the proper way to keep the aircraft airborne.
The Helios is the aircraft with the most engines. This was an unmanned electric aircraft with 14 engines with propellers.
I doubt it. I have seen thousands of Cessna and they all appear to have alloy propellers
No, that is not possible except with rotors. (which I would include among propellers)