A regular bicycle pump will just suck in ambient air8whatever air that's around it) before forcing it out through the nozzle.
This shows air can be compressed so more air could be pumped in.
Yes there most certainty is a limit to the amount of air that can be pumped into a bicycle tire. Put too much air in the tire and it will explode. The maximum air pressure for the tire is listed on the sidewall of the tire.
A Bicycle Pump is used to pump the tyres on Bikes it is normally a simple hand operated device which pushes air through a tube atached to a nozel which is screwed to the Valve on a Bicycle inatube the air is then forced into the Bicycle Tire.
air with an air pump
That's not strictly true. Gases are pumped by using pumps such as piston pumps and vane pumps. A garage compressor has the air pumped into the tank by a piston pump. Even a bicycle pump is often used. however, when gases are "pumped" it by definition becomes a compressor. pumps move basically un-compressible fluids. low pressure gas transfer is termed a blower, while higher pressure usage requires a compressor.
The kind you breathe, some pump Nitrogen into their tyres.
If the pump, valve, and tube are OK - yes.
If you are referring to Air pumped from an "aerator' Then the answer is "none". A filter is needed not an air pump.
Pump powered air guns should only be pumped when you are ready to shoot the gun. Never leave an air gun pumped for a long period of time it is very hard on the seals and will eventually ruin them. It has been recommended that on a multi pump rifle or gun that you only pump it once to keep the chambers closed when you store it.
Usually the pump or compressor just takes air from the surrounding and pushes it into the tube/tire.
Thre's really no way of answering that, as the capacity of bicycle pumps isn't defined. So, you'd have to look at the human powering the bicycle pump. And given that you can only use your arms powering the pump Id say 1 kW tops.
No, there is a limit. The bicycle tyre should be inflated to the manufactures specified pressure for the tyre to perform properly and the bicycle to be safe to ride. Over inflating the tyre may cause it to pop off the wheel rim and burst.