The U.S. State Department.
The US Department of State issues US passports!
They are the normal passports issued to regular citizens.
Passports are not required for travel inside the US. Anyway, non-citizens, legal or not, are not eligible for US passports.
No. The law varies depending on the situation.
Yes.
No. Citizens of the USA are not allowed to maintain another citizenship. New citizens of the USA have to give up their previous passports.
Most British passports are issued in London but there is also a passport office in Liverpool. There is also one in Edinburgh and one in Belfast.
Many American citizens and their dependents hold US passports. WikiAnswers cannot provide information on private individuals who have US passports, unless the specific question is asked about a celebrity or political figure.
would depend on which country you are in. In the United States, passports are issued by the Department of State.
They are US nationals meaning they can hold a US passport; but they are not US citizens which means there are certain limitations for them (e.g. taking high positio federal level jobs or vote in presidential elections)
State
US Citizens are now required to have passports (or equivalent documents) when entering the US as a means of confirming that they are, indeed, US citizens. If you tried to enter without a passport you would likely be detained while your status was determined.