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Is ionization energy generally uniform

Updated: 8/18/2019
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Becca123123

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9y ago

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No, ionisation energies change depending on which element you look at and which ionisation (i.e. 1st, 2nd, 3rd...) you are taking about.

For example, as you go across period 3, the 1st ionisation energy generally increases.

- sodium (Na) has the lowest I.E.* as it has the lowest nuclear charge *[actual value is 494 KJ/mol ]

- magnesium (Mg) has a higher I.E.* than sodium as it has a higher nuclear charge *[actual value 736KJ/mol]

- Aluminium drops* below Mg but still higher than Na, this is because although the nuclear charge is greater the 1st electron is being taken from the 3P orbital as opposed to the 3S orbital. This means that the electrons distance from the nucleus is further (so lower attraction). *[actual value 577KJ/mol]

The trend increases from there except from Si to Cl [1060 to 1000KJ/mol], but I think you get the idea.

The I.E. is dependant on

1. Shielding

2. Distance from the nucleus

3. Nuclear charge

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What is the general trend of ionization energy as you go across the periodic table?

Across a period, first ionization energy increases. However, when going down a group, first ionization energy generally decreases. As you go down a group, atoms hove more total electrons so they don't really care that much about their outermost ones.


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In a group the ionization energy decrease when the atomic radius increase; in a period this relation is not generally valid.


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Ionization energy generally increases across a period as a result of a higher nuclear charge, however there are some exceptions such as Boron which has a lower ionization energy than Beryllium (because it is in a P orbital), and Oxygen which has a lower ionization energy than nitrogen (Because ionization decreases the electron electron repulsion in its orbitals).


Which has the larger sixth ionization energy Se or Br?

The first ionization energy is the energy that is required in order to remove the first electron from an atom in the GAS phase, the second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the second electron from an atom, etc. Ionization energy generally increases for every electron that is removed, and increases from left to right in the periodic table or if moving up the periods. In this case, from the periodic table (or according to Mastering Chemistry) Bromine (Br) has a larger sixth ionization energy than Selenium (Se).


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