If you think of the system in three levels. The first level is the Church, the second is the nobility, and the final level is the peasant. The Church ruled the society and taught that man was born in sin and the only way to save their souls was to go through the church. They were the middle man between man and God.
Not a lot.
The Hundred Years War weakened the feudal system because of the high number of deaths. The scarcity of people made labor much more in demand, and it was no longer beneficial for peasants to work for a manor Lord, or for knights to commit to one. Power went to the monarchs.
The 'feudal system' is a political, economic and social system that was in place throughout much of medieval Europe. It includes factors like; Serfdom, cottage industry agriculture (small plots of land worked on by the poor/serfs), barons/local leaders who had a hereditary right to land they technically owned and the system of having a monarch (sometimes constitutional) to govern the country as a whole. Hope this helped.
Not much really, the Second Estate ( Nobles ) had the power. What the First estate ( Church ) had was a lot of land, a lot of wealth and both power and influence over the majority of the population.
The daimyos don't exist in modern times, but they were around in feudal Japan. The daimyos were their word for "lords" or "nobles". Basically to say, daimyos today really don't have much power and therefore aren't important. (though they were in feudal times...)
The feudal system is described by the Feudal Pyramid, which has four basic elements, the king, the lords, the common vassals, and the serfs. It is called a pyramid because each layer was supported by a much larger group that supported it, down to the serfs. The term vassal is sometimes applied only to those below the lords, but the lords were vassals.
They have the most power
Feudalism was a system that provided a distribution of power from the king down to the lowest levels of society, what was called the feudal pyramid. This worked fairly well to provide security for the farmers and feudal lords, but it was difficult for larger nations to unify. Eventually, large nations developed strong central governments, and feudalism ceased to have a reason to exist. Even for the local lords, it was much easier to free the serfs and charge rent.
They have most of the power.
The monarch has no need for landowners to provide military service for 40 days a year. S/he has the army. If that part doesn't work any more, the rest falls apart.
The samurai were a warrior class (analogous to European knights) who defended and fought for various leaders and warlords during the feudal period. They found themselves outmoded under the imperial system of governments and armies.
In a confederate system (as in the Articles of Confederation), the states retain most of the governmental power.