If it is a loan backed by the government (insured/guaranteed), then that step isn't needed. If it isn't, even with it, they can't get to your refund until you do.
No.
Yes, it happens all of the time, it is called a default judgment. If this has happened to you, call the clerk of the court in your area and ask the procedures and SOL for filing a motion to vacate the judgment due to an error in service.
Yes, if your credit score is pretty decent (550 or so). In fact, it's probably better to refinance than to enter into a forebearance agreement because you will be in default if you miss even one payment and the mortgage company may secure a default judgment against you WITHOUT YOUR KNOWLEDGE!
Yes they can. I have good news for you though. If you can get the borrower to consolidate the loans without your name as a cosigner, then you will be off the hook. I only know of one company that specializes in consolidating loans for borrowers that are in default, they are Default Management Services, Inc. You can Google the company name and get the phone #. Ask for Doug, he is knowledgeable.
A naked CDS is the purchase of CDS's without an investment in the underlying asset. Essentially buying insurance without the asset. Usually linked with speculation in the creditworthiness of the company. Speculators trade the likelihood a company will default on its payments.
Even if you move, if you do not answer the eviction complaint, a default judgment will be entered against you without any further notice.
Not unless the creditor has a judgment order and executes it as a bank levy.
If the issue is one of a civil suit, the lawsuit will continue without the defendant responding. In such cases the plaintiff is awarded a default judgment and can execute that judgment in the manner allowed by the debtor's state.
If it's federal they can get your social security without even taking you to court. They would have to take you to court for a retirement account. If it's private they would have to get a judgment.
The wording is so poor that this question will be impossible to answer without more details.
The only way your bank account can be garnished--is if there is an court order. If they took you to court and receive a judgment against you, yes they can garnish your wages. Also, if you were summon to court but did not show up, it will be judgment by default and your wages and bank account can be garnised.
Any debt listed (or should have been listed) in your bankruptcy can be reported as discharged for the ten years the bankruptcy can be reported. Since a student loan cannot be discharged without proving a hardship (the difficulty of which varies from state to state and even court to court), the default can probably be reported as long as it remains unpaid.