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A toilet maintains its sanitary condition by means of a water seal- -the clean water at the bottom of the bowl keeps odors away and bacteria at an acceptable level. The water stays in the bowl because a toilet has a trap like all other fixtures. The trap is visible on some toilets and the link below shows the basic design of the toilet. When water is released into the bowl (when the flush handle is activated) the water and all material in the bowl "overflow" out of the trap and create a siphon. The siphon pulls all of the water out of the bowl and then is broken when it sucks air (that gurgling sound after you flush.) Current law mandates the following conditions.

1- Toilet must be made of smooth impervious material.
2- Toilet must have acid resistant finish.
3- Toilet must flush with 1.6 Gallons per flush or less.
4- Toilet must have a non mechanical seal
5- Toilet must evacuate at least 95% of the water (objectionable material) every flush


http://www.homerepairforum.com/images/uploads/2005-9-10_Toilet_Bowl_FLUSH_STEP_1_w550.JPG

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Q: How is a toilet sanitary?
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