Limestone
semiperable
primary
It is called weathering.
It is called weathering.
Usable groundwater is to be found in aquifers. Aquifers are porous, permeable rocks sandwiched between two layers if impermeable rocks. Sandstones and porous limestones can form good aquifers.
As it starts to break down all of the rock it starts to create space therefor a cave or cavern can be made.
Precipitation of calcium carbonate as its crystalline form, calcite, extracted from the limestone above the cave by solution in naturally slightly acid ground-water.
Carbon dioxide mixes with groundwater making a weak acid that can only dissolve limestone. As it travels through limestones natural cracks and pores it enlarges them until an opening is formed called a cave
yes
Yes: some of the calcium carbonate dissolved in the water in each drop precipitates as its crystalline form, calcite, so slowly builds up layer after layer of crystals to form the stalactite (and related formations).
Aquifer
In a cave? Yes, almost - it's actually the calcium carbonate, the main constituent of limetsone, that is dissolved by the ground-water then precipitated as calcite to form stalactites and stalagmites, and similar deposits.
semipermeable
semiperable
semipermeable
permeable
A spring may be the result of karst topography where surface water has infiltrated the Earth's surface (recharge area), becoming part of the area groundwater. The groundwater then travels though a network of cracks and fissures - openings ranging from intergranular spaces to large caves. The water eventually emerges from below the surface, in the form of a spring. The forcing of the spring to the surface can be the result of a confined aquifer in which the recharge area of the spring water table rests at a higher elevation than that of the outlet. Spring water forced to the surface by elevated sources are artesian wells. This is possible even if the outlet is in the form of a 300-foot deep cave. In this case the cave is used like a hose by the higher elevated recharge area of groundwater to exit through the lower elevation opening. Nonartesian springs may simply flow from a higher elevation through the earth to a lower elevation and exit in the form of a spring, using the ground like a drainage pipe. Still other springs are the result of pressure from an underground source in the earth, in the form of volcanic activity. The result can be water at elevated temperature as a hot spring. The action of the groundwater continually dissolves permeable bedrock such as limestone and dolmite creating vast cave systems