affirmative action
They are laws specified by each country regarding who can enter and stay in their country and what are the rights and responsibilities of individuals in that country based on the category they fall into. For example, tourists are not allowed to engage in employment or take courses at any educational institutions. They are not also eligible for any healthcare benefits provided by the government of that country. Lastly, they must not overstay their visa.
If it is specified as paid training, yes. Otherwise is may still be part of the selection and employment process.
Medicaid
Dual
Republican Gov.
Power is specified and shared between federal and state government.
Republican Gov.
Specified how the National Government was to operate.
Republican Gov.
Republican Gov.
This question is unanswerable unless the country is specified (and also, perhaps, the province).
Republican form of government