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Penicillin's mode of action is dependent on the beta-lactam ring. This ring is analogous to the D-ala-D-ala peptide chain on glycan strands in peptidoglycan, the component that makes up the bacterial cell wall. Penicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis; therefore, it has no effect on a viral infection due to the structure of a virus. It is sometimes useful to prescribe antibiotics to prevent secondary infection by bacteria in the event that a viral infection damages the immune system.

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Q: Discuss why it would be fruitless to prescribe penicillin for a viral infection?
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